# 分部、合并范围与共同资源
CAT收入与税前利润两条完整合并桥，配Salesforce单分部业务地图；把共同资源与报告边界一起保留。
Entry: zh-bf18 | Node: BF-18 | Language: zh | Editorial revision: 2026-09-21
## Teaching instructions
你正在教 BF-18《分部、合并范围与共同资源》，材料版本2026-09-21。学习任务：CAT路径重建67,589收入和11,541税前；软件路径完成不冒造产品利润的资源地图。
先确认读者所选主分支（默认industrial）；required_readings只读common及该分支。all才读取全部主分支。 optional只有读者启用后才变为必读。先实际打开指定公开原文单元，分页读到单元结束，必要表图核原页，记录标题/版本/位置/范围与当前用途。文献目录、工具返回标题或作者先前已读记录都不能代替本次读取；runtime_reading_log从空数组开始。读取失败先找同版本正式等价原文，仍缺则说明该单元缺口，不凭摘要补讲。
诊断任务：{"industrial": "核CAT收入67,589、报告分部到税前11,541和完整调整项。", "software": "用Agentforce Sales FY2026收入9,028走完“具名产品收入→共同平台/集团R&D→一个operating segment→合并净利润”路径，并标出未披露产品利润。"}。补充任务：先请读者给分部利润核对表命名终点，再判断11,151还是11,541。
随后沿本包完整正文、实际输入、静态实验与题解推进一个完整任务，先让读者解释或计算再反馈；已会的基础跳过。默认先用所选公司同一原件的比较期完成迁移；跨公司对照只有读者启用后才补读另一公司完整单元。通过尺度：保留FP external列712脚注，内部列归零；软件分支必须定位Note2 p70的Agentforce Sales 9,028，并保持产品收入不等同报告分部利润。
保持真实披露、分析计算、教学模型三种身份，参数只改变模型，不反写真实公司数据。资料不足处不要补造差额或估值。最后明确：读者已经能独立重建什么，换一份材料时还需先核哪些条件？
Before substantive teaching, actually retrieve every required reading unit for the selected scope. Read its complete designated section, including necessary assumptions, tables and footnotes. A working URL or an editorial access date is not a runtime reading receipt. Record the actual version, location, scope and what it supports. If unavailable, use a previously verified equivalent source; if the required unit remains unavailable, identify that gap rather than teach it from memory. Start runtime_reading_log empty. Once reading is complete, use a substantive diagnostic or follow the reader's request for direct explanation. Advance one complete reasoning task at a time; skip mastered basics. Distinguish original facts, supplied teaching assumptions and inference.
## Required readings and runtime protocol
```json
{
"export_mode": "public",
"default_branch": "industrial",
"branch_options": [
"industrial",
"software"
],
"branch_tasks": {
"industrial": "核CAT收入67,589、报告分部到税前11,541和完整调整项。",
"software": "用Agentforce Sales FY2026收入9,028走完“具名产品收入→共同平台/集团R&D→一个operating segment→合并净利润”路径，并标出未披露产品利润。"
},
"selection_rules": {
"common": "始终必读",
"selected": "只读所选主分支",
"all": "读所有主分支",
"optional": "读者启用后再读；cat/epw/cross不同入口"
},
"required_readings": [
{
"source_id": "BBC-C04",
"title": "Caterpillar Inc. — FY2025 Form 10-K",
"authors": [
"Caterpillar Inc."
],
"version": "FY ended 2025-12-31; comparatives recast in this filing after July 1, 2025 organization changes",
"access": {
"kind": "html_full_text",
"uri": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823026000008/cat-20251231.htm"
},
"required_unit": {
"locator": "Note23 pp115–118,120–121",
"scope": "A/B/C业务与计量、完整收入/利润表/脚注/税前核对；Statement1 operating-to-pretax",
"purpose": "CAT分部合并及同份报告2024迁移"
},
"supports": "制造与出租资产用途、公司历史驱动定义、报告分部到收入/税前利润的完整桥。不得把volume包含的组合效果当结构性贡献率。",
"branch": "industrial"
}
],
"optional_readings": [],
"runtime_reading_log": [],
"supplied_inputs": {
"input_id": "BFDE-SHARED-20260921-v1",
"historical": {
"scope": [
"BF-12",
"BF-13",
"BF-14",
"BF-18",
"BF-17",
"BF-16"
],
"retrieved_on": "2026-09-21",
"identity": "Historical financial-statement observations; teaching cases are separately labelled. Values are not stock valuation inputs.",
"costco": {
"source_id": "BF-S-COST-FY2025-PDF",
"unit": "USD million",
"periods": [
"2025-08-31",
"2024-09-01"
],
"fiscal_weeks": [
52,
52
],
"ppe": {
"locator": "FY2025 annual-report PDF printed pp42–43; PDF pp48–49",
"land": [
10323,
9447
],
"buildings_improvements": [
25508,
23727
],
"equipment_fixtures": [
13127,
12387
],
"construction_in_progress": [
1882,
1389
],
"gross": [
50840,
46950
],
"accumulated_depreciation_amortization_positive": [
18931,
17918
],
"net": [
31909,
29032
]
},
"flows": {
"locator": "Printed pp35,39; PDF pp41,45",
"net_sales": [
269912,
249625
],
"merchandise_costs": [
239886,
222358
],
"cash_ppe_additions_outflow_positive": [
5498,
4710
],
"consolidated_depreciation_amortization": [
2426,
2237
],
"capex_included_in_liabilities_supplemental_noncash": [
193,
203
],
"cashflow_inventory_adjustment": [
559,
-2068
],
"cashflow_accounts_payable_adjustment": [
404,
1938
],
"cfo": [
13335,
11339
]
},
"working_capital": {
"locator": "Printed p37 balance sheet; pp41–42 Receivables, Net; p39 cash flow",
"inventory": [
18116,
18647
],
"accounts_payable": [
19783,
19421
],
"receivables_net": [
3203,
2721
],
"deferred_membership_fees": [
2854,
2501
],
"receivables_identity": "Includes vendor, credit-card, reinsurance and tax receivables; do not use total as customer credit-sale receivables.",
"payable_days_denominator": "Merchandise costs proxy, not independently observed credit purchases."
},
"leases_2025": {
"locator": "Note5 printed pp50–51; PDF pp56–57; policy printed p43",
"operating_rou_asset": 2725,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 1488,
"finance_asset_balance_sheet_location": "Other long-term assets",
"operating_liability_current": 208,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2460,
"finance_liability_current": 78,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 1401,
"operating_cost": 271,
"finance_asset_amortization": 102,
"finance_interest_expense": 63,
"variable_cost": 182,
"total_cost_reported": 618,
"cash_operating_leases": 255,
"cash_finance_interest": 58,
"cash_finance_principal": 147,
"cash_scope": "Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities; not total lease cash payments including variable payments.",
"new_modified_operating_rou": 294,
"new_modified_finance_rou": 131,
"remaining_term_years_operating_finance": [
20,
25
],
"payment_buckets": [
"FY2026",
"FY2027",
"FY2028",
"FY2029",
"FY2030",
"Thereafter"
],
"operating_payments": [
267,
250,
235,
204,
184,
2451
],
"operating_payments_total": 3591,
"operating_interest_deduction": 923,
"operating_liability": 2668,
"finance_payments": [
133,
132,
135,
122,
109,
1780
],
"finance_payments_total": 2411,
"finance_interest_deduction": 932,
"finance_liability": 1479,
"signed_not_commenced_payments_excluded": 1094,
"future_operating_sublease_income_not_netted": 92
}
},
"salesforce": {
"source_id": "BBC-C01",
"unit": "USD million",
"periods": [
"2026-01-31",
"2025-01-31"
],
"income": {
"locator": "Consolidated Statements of Operations p58 including notes1–2; MD&A Research and Development",
"total_revenue": [
41525,
37895
],
"rd_expense": [
5993,
5493
],
"rd_sbc_included": [
1162,
1091
],
"acquired_intangibles_amortization_cost_of_revenue": [
692,
750
],
"acquired_intangibles_amortization_sales_marketing": [
995,
901
]
},
"working_capital": {
"locator": "Balance sheet p57; Note2 Unearned Revenue p71; MD&A seasonal nature pp39–40",
"accounts_receivable_net": [
14339,
11945
],
"unearned_revenue": [
24317,
20743
],
"unearned_opening_2026": 20743,
"billings_and_other_2026": 45099,
"revenue_over_time_2026": 39041,
"revenue_point_in_time_2026": 2484,
"unearned_acquired_informatica": 651,
"identity": "Billings and other includes FX, contract assets and business combinations; neither cash receipts nor organic billings."
},
"leases_2026": {
"locator": "Note6 Leases and Other Commitments pp75–77; Note1 Leases pp67–68",
"operating_rou_asset": 2003,
"finance_lease_asset_gross": 1427,
"finance_accumulated_amortization_positive": 813,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 614,
"finance_asset_balance_sheet_location": "Property and equipment",
"operating_liability_current": 548,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2189,
"finance_liability_current": 275,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 260,
"operating_cost": 614,
"finance_asset_amortization": 375,
"finance_interest_expense": 25,
"cash_operating_leases": 695,
"cash_finance_interest": 25,
"cash_finance_principal": 367,
"remaining_term_years_operating_finance": [
7,
3
],
"payment_buckets": [
"FY2027",
"FY2028",
"FY2029",
"FY2030",
"FY2031",
"Thereafter"
],
"operating_payments": [
615,
571,
493,
338,
268,
790
],
"operating_payments_total": 3075,
"operating_interest_deduction": 338,
"operating_liability": 2737,
"finance_payments": [
289,
120,
76,
58,
26,
0
],
"finance_payments_total": 569,
"finance_interest_deduction": 34,
"finance_liability": 535
},
"informatica_2025_ppa": {
"locator": "Note7 Informatica, Inc., pp77–79",
"acquisition_period": "November 2025",
"status": "Preliminary purchase-price allocation at FY2026 filing; measurement period not complete",
"consideration_components": {
"cash": 9538,
"preexisting_relationship": 62,
"assumed_equity_purchase_component": 36
},
"consideration_total": 9636,
"assets": {
"cash": 1405,
"receivables": 233,
"ppe": 128,
"operating_rou": 27,
"other_assets": 149,
"goodwill": 5257,
"identifiable_intangibles": 3818
},
"liabilities_positive": {
"payables_accruals_current": 221,
"unearned_revenue": 651,
"operating_lease_liabilities": 30,
"other_noncurrent": 36,
"deferred_tax_liability": 443
},
"intangibles": [
{
"name": "Cloud developed technology",
"amount": 1350,
"life_years": 7
},
{
"name": "Other developed technology",
"amount": 270,
"life_years": 3
},
{
"name": "Customer relationships",
"amount": 1840,
"life_years": 10
},
{
"name": "Trade names",
"amount": 79,
"life_years": 4
},
{
"name": "Backlog",
"amount": 279,
"life_years": 2
}
],
"assumed_equity_fair_value": 330,
"assumed_equity_future_service_component": 294
},
"intangible_roll": {
"locator": "Note8 pp80–81; addition/retirement columns are net movements, not gross acquisition or amortization flows",
"gross_opening": 10183,
"additions_and_retirements_net": 3956,
"gross_closing": 14139,
"accum_amortization_opening_positive": 5755,
"expense_and_retirements_net_positive": 1569,
"accum_amortization_closing_positive": 7324,
"net_opening": 4428,
"net_closing": 6815,
"goodwill_opening": 51283,
"regrello": 704,
"informatica": 5257,
"other_acquisitions_adjustments": 697,
"goodwill_closing": 57941
},
"segment_identity": "One operating segment; Note1 p63 CODM assesses consolidated net income. Product offering revenue categories are not separately reported operating segments."
},
"caterpillar": {
"source_id": "BBC-C04",
"unit": "USD million",
"periods": [
"2025-12-31",
"2024-12-31"
],
"comparative_identity": "2024 figures as retrospectively adjusted in FY2025 filing after July 1, 2025 segment changes",
"ppe": {
"locator": "Note9 p89; Note1D pp64–65",
"land": [
616,
612
],
"buildings": [
7761,
7281
],
"machinery_equipment": [
13737,
12523
],
"capitalized_software": [
1696,
1609
],
"equipment_leased_to_others": [
6004,
5701
],
"construction_in_progress": [
2092,
1751
],
"gross": [
31906,
29477
],
"accumulated_depreciation_positive": [
16766,
16116
],
"net": [
15140,
13361
],
"consolidated_depreciation": [
2093,
1983
],
"cat_financial_leased_to_others_depreciation": [
699,
722
]
},
"operating_profit_bridge": {
"locator": "MD&A p33 Consolidated Operating Profit Comparison, original chart cat-20251231_g4.jpg; Definitions pp36–38",
"opening_2024": 13072,
"drivers": {
"sales_volume_including_product_mix": 1218,
"price_realization": -817,
"manufacturing_costs": -2148,
"sga_rd": -336,
"currency": -32,
"financial_products": 49,
"restructuring": -85,
"other": 230
},
"closing_2025": 11151,
"bridge_identity": "Company historical attribution, not structural marginal profit coefficients."
},
"revenue_bridge": {
"locator": "MD&A p31 Sales and Revenues Comparison",
"opening_2024": 64809,
"drivers": {
"sales_volume": 3389,
"price_realization": -817,
"currency": 45,
"financial_products": 163
},
"closing_2025": 67589
},
"segments_2025": {
"locator": "Note23 pp115–121; external-column Financial Products footnote is integral",
"rows": [
{
"name": "Construction Industries",
"external_column": 24800,
"intersegment_column": 260,
"total_sales": 25060,
"profit": 4675
},
{
"name": "Resource Industries",
"external_column": 12185,
"intersegment_column": 289,
"total_sales": 12474,
"profit": 1988
},
{
"name": "Power & Energy",
"external_column": 27143,
"intersegment_column": 5058,
"total_sales": 32201,
"profit": 6418
},
{
"name": "Financial Products",
"external_column": 4220,
"intersegment_column": 0,
"total_sales": 4220,
"profit": 966
}
],
"financial_products_external_column_includes_group_revenue": 712,
"reportable_sales_total": 73955,
"all_other_sales": 327,
"corporate_eliminations_sales": -6693,
"consolidated_sales": 67589,
"all_other_external_column": 46,
"all_other_intersegment_column": 281,
"corporate_external_column": -805,
"corporate_intersegment_column": -5888,
"reportable_profit_total": 14047,
"profit_reconciling_items": {
"all_other": -8,
"cost_centers": -11,
"corporate_costs": -1006,
"timing": -175,
"restructuring": -445,
"inventory_method": 49,
"postretirement_benefit": 185,
"sbc": -230,
"financing_costs": -180,
"currency": -81,
"goodwill_impairment": 0,
"other_income_expense_method": -470,
"other_method": -134
},
"consolidated_pretax_profit": 11541,
"interest_expense_excluding_financial_products": 502,
"other_income": 892,
"consolidated_operating_profit": 11151
}
},
"teaching_cvp": {
"source_id": "BFDE-CVP",
"identity": "OpenStax §3.5 fictional Company A/B example; not actual company observations",
"unit": "USD",
"assumptions": "Constant prices and unit variable costs, fixed product mix, unchanged fixed costs within the relevant range; reported income here is model operating income.",
"companies": [
{
"name": "A",
"sales": 250000,
"variable_costs": 102000,
"fixed_costs": 63000,
"income": 85000
},
{
"name": "B",
"sales": 315000,
"variable_costs": 105000,
"fixed_costs": 125000,
"income": 85000
}
],
"sales_changes": [
0.1,
-0.2
]
}
},
"supplemental": {
"costco_ppe_original_labels": [
[
"land",
"Land",
"土地",
"N/A"
],
[
"buildings_improvements",
"Buildings and improvements",
"建筑及改良",
"5–50 years"
],
[
"equipment_fixtures",
"Equipment and fixtures",
"设备及装置",
"3–20 years"
],
[
"construction_in_progress",
"Construction in progress",
"在建工程",
"N/A"
],
[
"gross",
null,
"原值合计（原表该行无行名）",
null
],
[
"accumulated_depreciation_amortization_positive",
"Accumulated depreciation and amortization",
"累计折旧摊销（减项）",
null
],
[
"net",
"Property and equipment, net",
"物业及设备净额",
null
]
],
"cat_ppe_original_labels": [
[
"land",
"Land",
"土地",
"—"
],
[
"buildings",
"Buildings and land improvements",
"建筑及土地改良",
"20–45 years"
],
[
"machinery_equipment",
"Machinery, equipment and other",
"机器、设备及其他",
"2–10 years"
],
[
"capitalized_software",
"Software",
"软件",
"3–7 years"
],
[
"equipment_leased_to_others",
"Equipment leased to others",
"出租给他人的设备",
"1–7 years"
],
[
"construction_in_progress",
"Construction-in-process",
"在建工程",
"—"
],
[
"gross",
"Total property, plant and equipment, at cost",
"物业厂房设备成本合计",
null
],
[
"accumulated_depreciation_positive",
"Less: Accumulated depreciation",
"减：累计折旧",
null
],
[
"net",
"Property, plant and equipment–net",
"物业厂房设备净额",
null
]
],
"costco_receivables_exact_scope": {
"source_id": "BF-S-COST-FY2025-PDF",
"locator": "IR PDF printed pp41–42; SEC pp43–44, Receivables, Net",
"original_categories": [
"vendor",
"credit card incentive",
"reinsurance",
"third-party pharmacy",
"other receivables"
],
"explanation_zh": "其他应收主要为对政府的应收，多与税款有关。信用卡奖励应收不是顾客刷卡货款；结算期不超过四天的顾客刷卡货款另依现金政策列示。"
},
"costco_lease_2024": {
"operating_rou_asset": 2617,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 1433,
"operating_liability_current": 179,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2375,
"finance_liability_current": 147,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 1351,
"total_assets": 4050,
"total_liabilities": 4052,
"operating_cost": 284,
"finance_asset_amortization": 97,
"finance_interest_expense": 58,
"variable_cost": 163,
"total_cost_reported": 602,
"cash_operating_leases": 274,
"cash_finance_interest": 58,
"cash_finance_principal": 136,
"remaining_term": [
19,
23
],
"discount_rate_percent": [
2.67,
4.59
]
},
"salesforce_lease_2025": {
"operating_rou_asset": 2157,
"operating_liability_current": 579,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2380,
"finance_lease_asset_gross": 1520,
"finance_accumulated_amortization_positive": 708,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 812,
"finance_liability_current": 337,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 341,
"operating_cost": 684,
"finance_asset_amortization": 303,
"finance_interest_expense": 28,
"cash_operating_leases": 628,
"cash_finance_interest": 27,
"cash_finance_principal": 380,
"remaining_term": [
7,
3
]
},
"intangible_rows": [
{
"label_original": "Acquired developed technology",
"label_zh": "购入已开发技术",
"gross_open": 2958,
"gross_change_net": 1838,
"gross_close": 4796,
"accum_open": 1753,
"accum_change_net": 654,
"accum_close": 2407,
"net_open": 1205,
"net_close": 2389,
"remaining_years": 4.4
},
{
"label_original": "Customer relationships",
"label_zh": "客户关系",
"gross_open": 6894,
"gross_change_net": 1765,
"gross_close": 8659,
"accum_open": 3820,
"accum_change_net": 820,
"accum_close": 4640,
"net_open": 3074,
"net_close": 4019,
"remaining_years": 6.3
},
{
"label_original": "Other (1)",
"label_zh": "其他（商号、未开票订单、区域权利）",
"gross_open": 331,
"gross_change_net": 353,
"gross_close": 684,
"accum_open": 182,
"accum_change_net": 95,
"accum_close": 277,
"net_open": 149,
"net_close": 407,
"remaining_years": 2.1
}
],
"future_amortization": {
"buckets": [
"FY2027",
"FY2028",
"FY2029",
"FY2030",
"FY2031",
"Thereafter"
],
"amounts": [
1842,
1412,
1104,
710,
448,
1299
]
},
"cat_profit_rows_original": [
[
"all_other",
"Profit from All Other Segment",
"其他分部利润"
],
[
"cost_centers",
"Cost centers",
"成本中心"
],
[
"corporate_costs",
"Corporate costs",
"公司共同成本"
],
[
"timing",
"Timing",
"确认时点差异"
],
[
"restructuring",
"Restructuring costs",
"重组成本"
],
[
"inventory_method",
"Inventory/cost of sales",
"存货／销售成本计量"
],
[
"postretirement_benefit",
"Postretirement benefit income (expense)",
"退休后福利收益（费用）"
],
[
"sbc",
"Stock-based compensation expense",
"股权薪酬费用"
],
[
"financing_costs",
"Financing costs",
"融资成本"
],
[
"currency",
"Currency",
"汇率"
],
[
"goodwill_impairment",
"Goodwill impairment charge",
"商誉减值"
],
[
"other_income_expense_method",
"Other income/expense methodology differences",
"其他损益计量方法差异"
],
[
"other_method",
"Other methodology differences",
"其他方法差异"
]
],
"cat_segment_costs_2025": {
"cost_of_goods_sold": [
18393,
9018,
22474,
0
],
"sga_rd": [
1902,
1513,
3330,
829
],
"other_segment_items": [
90,
-45,
-21,
2425
]
},
"cat_segments_2024": {
"rows": [
[
"Construction Industries",
25344,
111,
25455,
6165
],
[
"Resource Industries",
12100,
371,
12471,
2538
],
[
"Power & Energy",
24088,
4766,
28854,
5736
],
[
"Financial Products Segment",
4053,
0,
4053,
932
]
],
"total_profit": 15371,
"reconciling": [
43,
-1,
-889,
133,
-359,
33,
67,
-223,
-126,
145,
0,
-740,
-81
],
"pretax": 13373,
"revenue": 64809,
"reportable_revenue": 70833,
"all_other_revenue": 344,
"corporate_revenue": -6368
},
"cat_segment_name_overrides": {
"Financial Products": "Financial Products Segment"
},
"origins": {
"costco_lease_2024": "BF-S-COST-FY2025-PDF Note5 printed pp50–51 / PDF pp56–57, reopened 2026-09-21",
"salesforce_lease_2025": "BBC-C01 Note6 pp75–77, same-session full reading",
"intangible_rows": "BBC-C01 Note8 pp80–81, same-session full reading",
"cat_segment_costs_2025": "BBC-C04 Note23 p120, same-session full reading",
"cat_segments_2024": "BBC-C04 Note23 pp118,120–121; comparatives as recast in FY2025 filing"
}
},
"teaching": {
"asset": {
"identity": "Author synthetic example, not company transactions",
"unit": "teaching currency units",
"cost": 100,
"residual": 0,
"life_months": 60,
"initial_cash": 150,
"payment": "2026-01",
"acquisition": "2026-02",
"ready": "2026-04",
"start": "2026-01",
"months": 12,
"convention": "Events at month start; same-day acquisition then ready then payment; depreciation at month end starting ready month, full months, no tax/interest/disposal, depreciation expensed in this example."
},
"intangible": {
"identity": "Author synthetic accumulation model, not EPW estimates or Salesforce valuation",
"unit": "teaching currency units",
"rd": [
100,
120,
80
],
"sga_excluding_rd": [
60,
60,
60
],
"alpha": 1,
"gamma": 0.3,
"delta_r": 0.2,
"delta_s": 0.2,
"initial_r": 0,
"initial_s": 0,
"order": "Opening stock depreciates first; eligible current investment added at each period end. R&D and SG&A inputs do not overlap."
},
"cvp_extension": {
"identity": "Author optional capacity-step variation; not OpenStax original inputs or CAT facts",
"sales_change": 0.1,
"step_enabled": false,
"threshold": 0.15,
"step_fixed_cost": 10000
},
"retail_cycle": {
"identity": "Author synthetic inventory/cash-timing example, not Costco days",
"unit": "teaching currency units and relative days",
"cost": 100,
"price": 150,
"acquire_day": 0,
"sale_day": 20,
"collect_day": 23,
"pay_day": 30,
"order": "Day start: acquire, sell, collect, pay. Same-day effects follow this explicit convention; cumulative net cash can be negative as a financing-gap measure, not an observed bank balance."
},
"subscription_cycle": {
"identity": "Author synthetic subscription funding example, not actual Salesforce contract",
"unit": "teaching currency units and relative 30-day months",
"amount": 120,
"invoice_day": 0,
"collection_day": 30,
"term_months": 12,
"monthly_cost": 6,
"month_days": 30,
"order": "Invoice and unconditional right at day0; each service month completed on day30*n; collection precedes same-day service cash cost. No refunds/tax, no costs before day30. Advances cover remaining service obligations."
}
},
"provenance": {
"lead_input_sha256": "5300ec0d05b830f8d6aa2ce72fd367beb3dc6bbfe044ff6cd28146e8beb7c68b",
"lead_input_lines": 209,
"transcription": "All supplied keys and amounts reproduced semantically; original byte hash identifies connector source, not this JSON serialization. Labels clarified in supplemental, raw observations unchanged.",
"reference_plan_sha256": "d6a351ea333643dc50af7704a7984a43fb623f24a058db74726b12c418a1494b"
},
"canonical_file": "https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/notebook/labs/bf-de/inputs.json"
},
"default_outputs": {
"segments": {
"unit": "USD million",
"period": "FY2025",
"revenue": {
"opening": 73955,
"rows": [
{
"label": "All Other Segment",
"value": 327,
"before": 73955,
"after": 74282
},
{
"label": "Corporate Items and Eliminations",
"value": -6693,
"before": 74282,
"after": 67589
}
],
"computed": 67589,
"reported": 67589,
"residual": 0
},
"profit": {
"opening": 14047,
"rows": [
{
"label": "Profit from All Other Segment／其他分部利润",
"value": -8,
"before": 14047,
"after": 14039
},
{
"label": "Cost centers／成本中心",
"value": -11,
"before": 14039,
"after": 14028
},
{
"label": "Corporate costs／公司共同成本",
"value": -1006,
"before": 14028,
"after": 13022
},
{
"label": "Timing／确认时点差异",
"value": -175,
"before": 13022,
"after": 12847
},
{
"label": "Restructuring costs／重组成本",
"value": -445,
"before": 12847,
"after": 12402
},
{
"label": "Inventory/cost of sales／存货／销售成本计量",
"value": 49,
"before": 12402,
"after": 12451
},
{
"label": "Postretirement benefit income (expense)／退休后福利收益（费用）",
"value": 185,
"before": 12451,
"after": 12636
},
{
"label": "Stock-based compensation expense／股权薪酬费用",
"value": -230,
"before": 12636,
"after": 12406
},
{
"label": "Financing costs／融资成本",
"value": -180,
"before": 12406,
"after": 12226
},
{
"label": "Currency／汇率",
"value": -81,
"before": 12226,
"after": 12145
},
{
"label": "Goodwill impairment charge／商誉减值",
"value": 0,
"before": 12145,
"after": 12145
},
{
"label": "Other income/expense methodology differences／其他损益计量方法差异",
"value": -470,
"before": 12145,
"after": 11675
},
{
"label": "Other methodology differences／其他方法差异",
"value": -134,
"before": 11675,
"after": 11541
}
],
"computed": 11541,
"reported": 11541,
"residual": 0
},
"external": 67589,
"intersegment": 0,
"fp_external_includes_group": 712,
"operating_to_pretax": {
"opening": 11151,
"rows": [
{
"label": "Interest expense excluding Financial Products",
"value": -502,
"before": 11151,
"after": 10649
},
{
"label": "Other income",
"value": 892,
"before": 10649,
"after": 11541
}
],
"computed": 11541,
"reported": 11541,
"residual": 0
},
"rows": [
{
"name": "Construction Industries",
"external_column": 24800,
"intersegment_column": 260,
"total_sales": 25060,
"profit": 4675
},
{
"name": "Resource Industries",
"external_column": 12185,
"intersegment_column": 289,
"total_sales": 12474,
"profit": 1988
},
{
"name": "Power & Energy",
"external_column": 27143,
"intersegment_column": 5058,
"total_sales": 32201,
"profit": 6418
},
{
"name": "Financial Products",
"external_column": 4220,
"intersegment_column": 0,
"total_sales": 4220,
"profit": 966
}
]
}
},
"prompt": "你正在教 BF-18《分部、合并范围与共同资源》，材料版本2026-09-21。学习任务：CAT路径重建67,589收入和11,541税前；软件路径完成不冒造产品利润的资源地图。\n先确认读者所选主分支（默认industrial）；required_readings只读common及该分支。all才读取全部主分支。 optional只有读者启用后才变为必读。先实际打开指定公开原文单元，分页读到单元结束，必要表图核原页，记录标题/版本/位置/范围与当前用途。文献目录、工具返回标题或作者先前已读记录都不能代替本次读取；runtime_reading_log从空数组开始。读取失败先找同版本正式等价原文，仍缺则说明该单元缺口，不凭摘要补讲。\n诊断任务：{\"industrial\": \"核CAT收入67,589、报告分部到税前11,541和完整调整项。\", \"software\": \"用Agentforce Sales FY2026收入9,028走完“具名产品收入→共同平台/集团R&D→一个operating segment→合并净利润”路径，并标出未披露产品利润。\"}。补充任务：先请读者给分部利润核对表命名终点，再判断11,151还是11,541。\n随后沿本包完整正文、实际输入、静态实验与题解推进一个完整任务，先让读者解释或计算再反馈；已会的基础跳过。默认先用所选公司同一原件的比较期完成迁移；跨公司对照只有读者启用后才补读另一公司完整单元。通过尺度：保留FP external列712脚注，内部列归零；软件分支必须定位Note2 p70的Agentforce Sales 9,028，并保持产品收入不等同报告分部利润。\n保持真实披露、分析计算、教学模型三种身份，参数只改变模型，不反写真实公司数据。资料不足处不要补造差额或估值。最后明确：读者已经能独立重建什么，换一份材料时还需先核哪些条件？",
"selected_branch": "industrial",
"required_readings_by_branch": {
"industrial": [
{
"source_id": "BBC-C04",
"title": "Caterpillar Inc. — FY2025 Form 10-K",
"authors": [
"Caterpillar Inc."
],
"version": "FY ended 2025-12-31; comparatives recast in this filing after July 1, 2025 organization changes",
"access": {
"kind": "html_full_text",
"uri": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823026000008/cat-20251231.htm"
},
"required_unit": {
"locator": "Note23 pp115–118,120–121",
"scope": "A/B/C业务与计量、完整收入/利润表/脚注/税前核对；Statement1 operating-to-pretax",
"purpose": "CAT分部合并及同份报告2024迁移"
},
"supports": "制造与出租资产用途、公司历史驱动定义、报告分部到收入/税前利润的完整桥。不得把volume包含的组合效果当结构性贡献率。",
"branch": "industrial"
}
],
"software": [
{
"source_id": "BBC-C01",
"title": "Salesforce, Inc. — FY2026 Form 10-K",
"authors": [
"Salesforce, Inc."
],
"version": "FY ended 2026-01-31; comparison 2025-01-31; filed 2026-03-02",
"access": {
"kind": "html_full_text",
"uri": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1108524/000110852426000060/crm-20260131.htm"
},
"required_unit": {
"locator": "Note1 consolidation/Segments p63; Note2 p70 service-offering revenue table and footnotes; Statement p58 and R&D notes",
"scope": "完整单分部政策、Agentforce Sales具名收入表/脚注与集团研发口径",
"purpose": "用具名产品完成单分部业务—共同资源—集团终点分析"
},
"supports": "研发含SBC、初步Informatica PPA、无形资产与商誉、租赁、单经营分部、开票收款季节性。1,569累计摊销净变化与1,687费用分别列示。",
"branch": "software"
}
]
},
"required_readings_all_branches": [
{
"source_id": "BBC-C04",
"title": "Caterpillar Inc. — FY2025 Form 10-K",
"authors": [
"Caterpillar Inc."
],
"version": "FY ended 2025-12-31; comparatives recast in this filing after July 1, 2025 organization changes",
"access": {
"kind": "html_full_text",
"uri": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823026000008/cat-20251231.htm"
},
"required_unit": {
"locator": "Note23 pp115–118,120–121",
"scope": "A/B/C业务与计量、完整收入/利润表/脚注/税前核对；Statement1 operating-to-pretax",
"purpose": "CAT分部合并及同份报告2024迁移"
},
"supports": "制造与出租资产用途、公司历史驱动定义、报告分部到收入/税前利润的完整桥。不得把volume包含的组合效果当结构性贡献率。",
"branch": "industrial"
},
{
"source_id": "BBC-C01",
"title": "Salesforce, Inc. — FY2026 Form 10-K",
"authors": [
"Salesforce, Inc."
],
"version": "FY ended 2026-01-31; comparison 2025-01-31; filed 2026-03-02",
"access": {
"kind": "html_full_text",
"uri": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1108524/000110852426000060/crm-20260131.htm"
},
"required_unit": {
"locator": "Note1 consolidation/Segments p63; Note2 p70 service-offering revenue table and footnotes; Statement p58 and R&D notes",
"scope": "完整单分部政策、Agentforce Sales具名收入表/脚注与集团研发口径",
"purpose": "用具名产品完成单分部业务—共同资源—集团终点分析"
},
"supports": "研发含SBC、初步Informatica PPA、无形资产与商誉、租赁、单经营分部、开票收款季节性。1,569累计摊销净变化与1,687费用分别列示。",
"branch": "software"
}
],
"branch_selection_protocol": "网页已选分支和展开的选读优先；切换后以相应 required_readings_by_branch 的完整数组替换必读，cross/all才读取所有主分支。运行日志从空开始。",
"experiment_ids": [
"EXP-BF18-SEGMENT-RECONCILIATION"
]
}
```
## Supplied entry
拆开企业，是为了看清不同业务的收费、投入和责任；把它们重新合起来，是为了确认这些结果最终归属于哪一个集团。前一步让差异显露，后一步检查重复、遗漏和口径。这篇要完成一张有明确终点的合并桥，而不是把所有分部利润相加后就停下。
共同部分加一条所选分支约需 15–20 分钟。Caterpillar 分支重建多分部的收入与利润；Salesforce 分支练习在一个披露分部内组织业务分析。两条路线都保留各自能观察到的东西，不强迫公司披露成同一种形状。
## 1. 四种切法为什么不一定重合
经营业务是分析者按收费、交付和资源关系确定的对象；经营分部沿管理层定期评估资源与绩效的组织方式识别；报告分部是对外披露的分部范围；合并集团则涉及哪些实体与交易被纳入同一套报表。两家公司可以卖相似产品，却采用不同的内部组织和对外分部结构。
共同资源也会穿过这些边界。一个研究团队可能服务多条产品线，融资和法律职能可能集中管理，集团内部还可能提供发动机、零部件或保险服务。读者需要同时保留“哪个业务使用资源”与“在哪个口径下确认成本”，而不是为了得到整齐的分部利润率，把共同成本随意分摊。下面两份年报把这种差异展示得很具体。[^bf18-cat][^bf18-crm]
## 2. Caterpillar：先接收入，再接利润
Caterpillar FY2025 的 Note 23 说明，公司有五个经营分部，其中四个为报告分部；较小的分部进入 All Other，若干共同职能为成本中心。2025-07-01 发生职责调整，本份年报中的 2024／2023 比较数据已追溯按新列报重排。所以本篇跨期比较使用同一份 FY2025 报告内的比较列，不拼接旧年报。[^bf18-cat]
### 收入表：不要跳过列头和脚注
以下保留 Note 23 收入表的外部、内部与合计列，省略的是地理分布细列，而不是合并所需的主板块。单位百万美元，期间为 2025 年全年。
| 原分部／合计 | External Sales and Revenues¹ | Intersegment Sales and Revenues | Total Sales and Revenues |
|---|---|---|---|
| Construction Industries | 24,800 | 260 | 25,060 |
| Resource Industries | 12,185 | 289 | 12,474 |
| Power & Energy | 27,143 | 5,058 | 32,201 |
| Financial Products Segment | 4,220 | 0 | 4,220 |
| Total sales and revenues from reportable segments | 68,348 | 5,607 | 73,955 |
| All Other Segment | 46 | 281 | 327 |
| Corporate Items and Eliminations | (805) | (5,888) | (6,693) |
| Total Sales and Revenues | 67,589 | 0 | 67,589 |
Construction Industries、Resource Industries、Power & Energy 分别服务不同设备与应用；Financial Products Segment 则提供融资、租赁、保险等服务。先有这个业务区别，再读金额，才能理解集团内交易为什么会存在。
四个报告分部总收入为 73,955，加 All Other 327，再加 Corporate Items and Eliminations 的负数 6,693，得到集团 67,589。另一方面，按列也能核对：外部列 $68,348+46-805=67,589$；内部列 $5,607+281-5,888=0$。两条核对一起做，才能确认我们没有把内部销售留在集团收入中。
原表 Financial Products 的外部列 4,220 还有脚注：其中包含来自工业及 All Other 分部的 712。这里的列头不能脱离公司使用的分部计量方式，被理解为每一行全是集团外客户销售。保留 712 的脚注，再使用完整 Corporate Items and Eliminations 核回合并总额；它不是额外应加的一笔收入。[^bf18-cat-revenue]
### 分部利润表：先看它扣了什么
Note 23 的分部利润表按 CODM 定期取得的信息列示。以下为 FY2025 全部报告分部及主要费用板块；金额百万美元。原表的费用列为“减去”，所以负的 Other segment items 在计算中会增加利润。
| 原行 | Construction Industries | Resource Industries | Power & Energy | Financial Products Segment | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales and revenues | 25,060 | 12,474 | 32,201 | 4,220 | 73,955 |
| Less: Cost of goods sold | 18,393 | 9,018 | 22,474 | 0 | 49,885 |
| Less: SG&A/R&D | 1,902 | 1,513 | 3,330 | 829 | 7,574 |
| Less: Other segment items | 90 | (45) | (21) | 2,425 | 2,449 |
| Segment Profit | 4,675 | 1,988 | 6,418 | 966 | 14,047 |
例如 Resource Industries 的利润为 $12,474-9,018-1,513-(-45)=1,988$。Financial Products 没有在该表列商品销售成本；它的其他分部项目含融资利息、出租设备折旧、保险承保费用及其他收益。工业分部与金融分部的利润都称税前口径，但纳入的利息及其他损益范围不同。[^bf18-cat-profit]
公司还说明，分部存货和销售成本按 current cost 计量，股权薪酬不进入分部利润，某些成本存在现金与应计确认的时间差，许多共同管理负债不进入工业分部净资产。这些差异决定我们不能把分部数原样当作集团 GAAP 经营利润。
### 合并桥的终点是税前利润
下面保留完整调整项。不要把“方法差异”四个字当成吞掉一切的黑箱；逐项看名称，至少知道是在调整共同成本、时点还是计量。[^bf18-cat-recon]
| 完整原行与中文 | FY2025，百万美元 |
|---|---|
| Total profit from reportable segments／报告分部利润 | 14,047 |
| Profit from All Other Segment／其他分部利润 | (8) |
| Cost centers／成本中心 | (11) |
| Corporate costs／公司共同成本 | (1,006) |
| Timing／确认时点差异 | (175) |
| Restructuring costs／重组成本 | (445) |
| Inventory/cost of sales／存货／销售成本计量 | 49 |
| Postretirement benefit income (expense)／退休后福利收益（费用） | 185 |
| Stock-based compensation expense／股权薪酬费用 | (230) |
| Financing costs／融资成本 | (180) |
| Currency／汇率 | (81) |
| Goodwill impairment charge／商誉减值 | 0 |
| Other income/expense methodology differences／其他损益计量方法差异 | (470) |
| Other methodology differences／其他方法差异 | (134) |
| Total consolidated profit before taxes／合并税前利润 | 11,541 |
四项报告分部利润合计 14,047，调整合计 −2,506，因此得到 集团税前利润 11,541。集团经营利润另为 11,151，它通过 $11,151-502+892=11,541$ 接到税前利润：502 是不含金融产品业务的利息费用，892 是其他收益。不能把两条桥的终点混成一个“利润”。
这时我们可以返回业务：分部利润有助于看管理层如何配置资源、哪些业务承受不同压力；集团桥则恢复共同职能、会计口径和归属。二者都需要，合并不是否定分部信息，而是让它能被正确使用。
### 工业分支练习
任务。独立核出两项结果：四分部收入到集团收入；四分部利润到集团税前利润。然后使用 FY2025 报告内的 2024 比较数据——报告分部收入 70,833、All Other 344、Corporate/eliminations −6,368——恢复 2024 集团收入。
解析。2025 收入是 $73,955+327-6,693=67,589$；利润是 $14,047-2,506=11,541$。2024 收入是 $70,833+344-6,368=64,809$。最后一个计算沿同份报告的重列数据保持口径。若想解释两年变化，还需要回到各业务的量价成本说明；简单相减不能替代经营原因。
## 3. Salesforce：一个报告分部，仍然可以做有结构的业务分析
Salesforce FY2026 的 Note 1 明确称其为一个经营分部，CODM 按合并净利润评估资源和表现，分部资产就是合并资产总额。公司虽然有多种产品、地理市场与收购业务，但这些产品收入类别不是各自披露了营业利润的独立经营分部。原文将这一管理方式与产品共同运行的平台、相似部署方式联系起来。[^bf18-crm]
先把这套原则走完一条具名路径。Note 2 p70 披露 FY2026 `Agentforce Sales` 的 subscription and support revenue 为 9,028（FY2025 为 8,322）；Note 1 同时说明大多数 service offerings 运行在 Agentforce 360 Platform 上、部署方式近似，而集团 FY2026 研发费用为 5,993，其中已经包含 1,162 的股权薪酬。于是我们可以从已披露的产品收入 9,028出发，连到共同平台与集团研发资源，最后回到一个 operating segment 与 consolidated net income这个报告终点。这里仍然没有披露 Agentforce Sales 自己的营业利润、研发分摊或独立资产负债表；这正是“具名业务分析”与“伪造分部利润”的分界。[^bf18-crm-product][^bf18-crm-fs]
| 具名业务路径 | 直接披露 | 可建立的资源关系 | 仍未披露 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agentforce Sales | FY2026 subscription and support revenue 9,028；Note 2 p70 | 多数服务共享 Agentforce 360 Platform；集团 R&D 5,993 含 SBC 1,162 | Agentforce Sales 独立营业利润、独立 R&D 分配、独立资产负债表 |
这不意味着分析只能写“全公司收入”。我们可以建立一个分析性业务—共同资源表，同时留住披露边界：
| 当前分析问题 | 可以使用的材料 | 所建立的关系 | 留在集团层核对的部分 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 客户买哪类服务、何时付费 | 产品收入和合同披露 | 收费／履约到收入 | 同一合同涉及多个产品时的分配 |
| 研发支持什么能力 | 研发费用、员工及分摊成本说明 | 产品与共同平台调用资源 | 未披露的逐产品研发分配 |
| 收购带来什么资源 | Informatica 初步 PPA、无形资产类别 | 买入技术和客户关系 | 商誉、税项及其他取得净资产 |
| 最终怎样评价集团表现 | 合并利润表与 Note 1 Segments | 收入、费用、其他损益到合并净利润 | 不能凭产品名补出的独立利润表 |
这张表不是公司自己报告的分部表，而是围绕真实披露建立的分析地图。它让我们问得更细，却不额外制造财务结果。比如，FY2026 研发 5,993 中已经含 1,162 股权薪酬；当研究者讨论多个产品使用同一个平台时，这是一笔已经记录的集团费用，不能给每个产品再加一遍完整集团研发。[^bf18-crm-fs]
可以正面完成的任务是：写明一个产品的收费和交付关系，列出它调用的共同资源，再标出可以直接观察、只能分析估计和仍未取得的数据。完成以后，合并净利润仍是报告口径的终点。只有当另外取得足够证据、明确分摊目的与规则时，才能另做分析性产品利润估计；该估计应与原始合并数并列，而不是替换公司披露。
### 软件分支练习
任务。以 Agentforce Sales 为对象，写一条四步业务链：①原件直接披露的 FY2026 收入及位置；②它与共同平台的关系；③集团层已披露的研发资源；④若要算该产品利润还缺什么。
解析。第一步是 Note 2 p70 的 Agentforce Sales subscription and support revenue 9,028；第二步是 Note 1 对多数 service offerings 共用 Agentforce 360 Platform、部署方式近似的说明；第三步是集团 FY2026 R&D 5,993（已含 SBC 1,162），这笔集团费用只能在集团层计一次；第四步，若要计算 Agentforce Sales 自身利润，还需要可支持的产品增量成本、共同平台资源使用或内部管理资料及明确分配规则。现有材料支持一条具名业务—共同资源—集团终点的分析链，但不支持把 9,028 旁边补出一项“公司披露的产品营业利润”。
## 4. 看清每一条合并箭头的终点
实验的工业视图分别展开收入、分部利润和经营利润到税前利润三条路径。选择所需的桥，下方表格会同时显示完整调整行与逐步累计结果；软件视图则显示“产品／共同资源→一个经营分部→合并结果”的映射，不显示不存在的逐产品利润。所有历史输入固定不动，静态表已保留同样的结果。
## 5. 带走一份可复核的拆合记录
完成所选分支后，写下对象边界、来源期次、采用的利润定义与合并终点，再选一个共同资源说明为什么它跨业务。工业路线应交出 67,589 的收入桥和 11,541 的税前桥；软件路线应交出一张不重复集团费用、也不冒造产品利润的资源地图。换公司时，先重复这个动作，再计算你关心的利润率。这样“拆业务”才不是按股票标签给数字分组，而是在明确的记录范围内解释经营。
[^bf18-cat]: Caterpillar FY2025 Form 10-K，Note 23 A/B/C，pp115–118，业务划分、2025-07-01职责调整及比较期重列、计量政策。[SEC 原件](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823026000008/cat-20251231.htm)。取得日 2026-09-21。
[^bf18-cat-revenue]: 同一原件 Note 23，Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region，p118 含 Financial Products external-column 脚注1；本篇保留外部、内部、总额与抵销列，省略地理细列。
[^bf18-cat-profit]: 同一原件 Note 23，Profit from Reportable Segments，p120 全表及脚注1–3；negative Other segment items 按原表保留。
[^bf18-cat-recon]: 同一原件 Note 23，Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes，p121，全部调整项；经营到税前取 Statement 1 对应层次。均为百万美元。
[^bf18-crm]: Salesforce FY2026 10-K，Note 1 Principles of Consolidation／Segments，p63。[SEC 原件](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1108524/000110852426000060/crm-20260131.htm)。截至2026-01-31的年度，取得日2026-09-21。
[^bf18-crm-product]: 同一 Salesforce FY2026 原件，Note 2 `Subscription and Support Revenue by the Company's Service Offerings`，p70：Agentforce Sales FY2026/2025/2024 分别为 9,028/8,322/7,580；表下注明 FY2026 第三季度产品命名变化未改变收入分配。金额百万美元。
[^bf18-crm-fs]: 同一 Salesforce 原件，Consolidated Statements of Operations p58 及R&D股权薪酬脚注、MD&A Research and Development。共同资源表为基于披露的分析组织，不是公司分部新表。
## Additional teaching material
## BF-18｜分部、合并范围与共同资源：静态实验
输入身份 `BFDE-SHARED-20260921-v1`。公司金额为百万美元；教学设备、现金例和资本模型为教学金额；CVP 为美元。
### CAT完整收入和利润连接
| 分部 | External列 | Intersegment列 | 总收入 | 分部利润 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Construction Industries | 24,800 | 260 | 25,060 | 4,675 |
| Resource Industries | 12,185 | 289 | 12,474 | 1,988 |
| Power & Energy | 27,143 | 5,058 | 32,201 | 6,418 |
| Financial Products | 4,220 | 0 | 4,220 | 966 |
### 收入到集团
| 原行／关系 | 影响金额 | 累计值 |
|---|---|---|
| 期初 | 73,955 | 73,955 |
| All Other Segment | 327 | 74,282 |
| Corporate Items and Eliminations | -6,693 | 67,589 |
| 原表终点 | 67,589 | 67,589 |
### 分部利润到税前
| 原行／关系 | 影响金额 | 累计值 |
|---|---|---|
| 期初 | 14,047 | 14,047 |
| Profit from All Other Segment／其他分部利润 | -8 | 14,039 |
| Cost centers／成本中心 | -11 | 14,028 |
| Corporate costs／公司共同成本 | -1,006 | 13,022 |
| Timing／确认时点差异 | -175 | 12,847 |
| Restructuring costs／重组成本 | -445 | 12,402 |
| Inventory/cost of sales／存货／销售成本计量 | 49 | 12,451 |
| Postretirement benefit income (expense)／退休后福利收益（费用） | 185 | 12,636 |
| Stock-based compensation expense／股权薪酬费用 | -230 | 12,406 |
| Financing costs／融资成本 | -180 | 12,226 |
| Currency／汇率 | -81 | 12,145 |
| Goodwill impairment charge／商誉减值 | 0 | 12,145 |
| Other income/expense methodology differences／其他损益计量方法差异 | -470 | 11,675 |
| Other methodology differences／其他方法差异 | -134 | 11,541 |
| 原表终点 | 11,541 | 11,541 |
### 经营利润到税前
| 原行／关系 | 影响金额 | 累计值 |
|---|---|---|
| 期初 | 11,151 | 11,151 |
| Interest expense excluding Financial Products | -502 | 10,649 |
| Other income | 892 | 11,541 |
| 原表终点 | 11,541 | 11,541 |
| 单独核对 | 结果 |
|---|---|
| External列回集团 | 67,589 |
| Intersegment列归零 | 0 |
| FP external中含集团内来源 | 712 |
### Salesforce的正向业务地图
多类产品/地区 → 各自收费与交付 → 共同平台、研发、销售资源 → 一个经营分部 → CODM合并净利润。产品收入只支持产品收入分析，不生成未披露产品利润。跨公司学习前补读新增公司分部单元。
## Experiment inputs and static equivalents
```json
[
{
"id": "EXP-BF18-SEGMENT-RECONCILIATION",
"title": "分部、合并范围与共同资源：同源实验",
"anchor": "bf18-experiment",
"description": "CAT报告分部总额加All Other及完整调整项，收入回67,589，分部利润回税前11,541。经营利润11,151经-502+892另回税前。软件视图保留多产品/单分部。",
"inputs": {
"input_id": "BFDE-SHARED-20260921-v1",
"source": "https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/notebook/labs/bf-de/inputs.json",
"identity": "历史观察与教学设定分别标识",
"values": {
"schema_version": "BFDE-1.0",
"input_id": "BFDE-SHARED-20260921-v1",
"revised": "2026-09-21",
"historical": {
"scope": [
"BF-12",
"BF-13",
"BF-14",
"BF-18",
"BF-17",
"BF-16"
],
"retrieved_on": "2026-09-21",
"identity": "Historical financial-statement observations; teaching cases are separately labelled. Values are not stock valuation inputs.",
"costco": {
"source_id": "BF-S-COST-FY2025-PDF",
"unit": "USD million",
"periods": [
"2025-08-31",
"2024-09-01"
],
"fiscal_weeks": [
52,
52
],
"ppe": {
"locator": "FY2025 annual-report PDF printed pp42–43; PDF pp48–49",
"land": [
10323,
9447
],
"buildings_improvements": [
25508,
23727
],
"equipment_fixtures": [
13127,
12387
],
"construction_in_progress": [
1882,
1389
],
"gross": [
50840,
46950
],
"accumulated_depreciation_amortization_positive": [
18931,
17918
],
"net": [
31909,
29032
]
},
"flows": {
"locator": "Printed pp35,39; PDF pp41,45",
"net_sales": [
269912,
249625
],
"merchandise_costs": [
239886,
222358
],
"cash_ppe_additions_outflow_positive": [
5498,
4710
],
"consolidated_depreciation_amortization": [
2426,
2237
],
"capex_included_in_liabilities_supplemental_noncash": [
193,
203
],
"cashflow_inventory_adjustment": [
559,
-2068
],
"cashflow_accounts_payable_adjustment": [
404,
1938
],
"cfo": [
13335,
11339
]
},
"working_capital": {
"locator": "Printed p37 balance sheet; pp41–42 Receivables, Net; p39 cash flow",
"inventory": [
18116,
18647
],
"accounts_payable": [
19783,
19421
],
"receivables_net": [
3203,
2721
],
"deferred_membership_fees": [
2854,
2501
],
"receivables_identity": "Includes vendor, credit-card, reinsurance and tax receivables; do not use total as customer credit-sale receivables.",
"payable_days_denominator": "Merchandise costs proxy, not independently observed credit purchases."
},
"leases_2025": {
"locator": "Note5 printed pp50–51; PDF pp56–57; policy printed p43",
"operating_rou_asset": 2725,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 1488,
"finance_asset_balance_sheet_location": "Other long-term assets",
"operating_liability_current": 208,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2460,
"finance_liability_current": 78,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 1401,
"operating_cost": 271,
"finance_asset_amortization": 102,
"finance_interest_expense": 63,
"variable_cost": 182,
"total_cost_reported": 618,
"cash_operating_leases": 255,
"cash_finance_interest": 58,
"cash_finance_principal": 147,
"cash_scope": "Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities; not total lease cash payments including variable payments.",
"new_modified_operating_rou": 294,
"new_modified_finance_rou": 131,
"remaining_term_years_operating_finance": [
20,
25
],
"payment_buckets": [
"FY2026",
"FY2027",
"FY2028",
"FY2029",
"FY2030",
"Thereafter"
],
"operating_payments": [
267,
250,
235,
204,
184,
2451
],
"operating_payments_total": 3591,
"operating_interest_deduction": 923,
"operating_liability": 2668,
"finance_payments": [
133,
132,
135,
122,
109,
1780
],
"finance_payments_total": 2411,
"finance_interest_deduction": 932,
"finance_liability": 1479,
"signed_not_commenced_payments_excluded": 1094,
"future_operating_sublease_income_not_netted": 92
}
},
"salesforce": {
"source_id": "BBC-C01",
"unit": "USD million",
"periods": [
"2026-01-31",
"2025-01-31"
],
"income": {
"locator": "Consolidated Statements of Operations p58 including notes1–2; MD&A Research and Development",
"total_revenue": [
41525,
37895
],
"rd_expense": [
5993,
5493
],
"rd_sbc_included": [
1162,
1091
],
"acquired_intangibles_amortization_cost_of_revenue": [
692,
750
],
"acquired_intangibles_amortization_sales_marketing": [
995,
901
]
},
"working_capital": {
"locator": "Balance sheet p57; Note2 Unearned Revenue p71; MD&A seasonal nature pp39–40",
"accounts_receivable_net": [
14339,
11945
],
"unearned_revenue": [
24317,
20743
],
"unearned_opening_2026": 20743,
"billings_and_other_2026": 45099,
"revenue_over_time_2026": 39041,
"revenue_point_in_time_2026": 2484,
"unearned_acquired_informatica": 651,
"identity": "Billings and other includes FX, contract assets and business combinations; neither cash receipts nor organic billings."
},
"leases_2026": {
"locator": "Note6 Leases and Other Commitments pp75–77; Note1 Leases pp67–68",
"operating_rou_asset": 2003,
"finance_lease_asset_gross": 1427,
"finance_accumulated_amortization_positive": 813,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 614,
"finance_asset_balance_sheet_location": "Property and equipment",
"operating_liability_current": 548,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2189,
"finance_liability_current": 275,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 260,
"operating_cost": 614,
"finance_asset_amortization": 375,
"finance_interest_expense": 25,
"cash_operating_leases": 695,
"cash_finance_interest": 25,
"cash_finance_principal": 367,
"remaining_term_years_operating_finance": [
7,
3
],
"payment_buckets": [
"FY2027",
"FY2028",
"FY2029",
"FY2030",
"FY2031",
"Thereafter"
],
"operating_payments": [
615,
571,
493,
338,
268,
790
],
"operating_payments_total": 3075,
"operating_interest_deduction": 338,
"operating_liability": 2737,
"finance_payments": [
289,
120,
76,
58,
26,
0
],
"finance_payments_total": 569,
"finance_interest_deduction": 34,
"finance_liability": 535
},
"informatica_2025_ppa": {
"locator": "Note7 Informatica, Inc., pp77–79",
"acquisition_period": "November 2025",
"status": "Preliminary purchase-price allocation at FY2026 filing; measurement period not complete",
"consideration_components": {
"cash": 9538,
"preexisting_relationship": 62,
"assumed_equity_purchase_component": 36
},
"consideration_total": 9636,
"assets": {
"cash": 1405,
"receivables": 233,
"ppe": 128,
"operating_rou": 27,
"other_assets": 149,
"goodwill": 5257,
"identifiable_intangibles": 3818
},
"liabilities_positive": {
"payables_accruals_current": 221,
"unearned_revenue": 651,
"operating_lease_liabilities": 30,
"other_noncurrent": 36,
"deferred_tax_liability": 443
},
"intangibles": [
{
"name": "Cloud developed technology",
"amount": 1350,
"life_years": 7
},
{
"name": "Other developed technology",
"amount": 270,
"life_years": 3
},
{
"name": "Customer relationships",
"amount": 1840,
"life_years": 10
},
{
"name": "Trade names",
"amount": 79,
"life_years": 4
},
{
"name": "Backlog",
"amount": 279,
"life_years": 2
}
],
"assumed_equity_fair_value": 330,
"assumed_equity_future_service_component": 294
},
"intangible_roll": {
"locator": "Note8 pp80–81; addition/retirement columns are net movements, not gross acquisition or amortization flows",
"gross_opening": 10183,
"additions_and_retirements_net": 3956,
"gross_closing": 14139,
"accum_amortization_opening_positive": 5755,
"expense_and_retirements_net_positive": 1569,
"accum_amortization_closing_positive": 7324,
"net_opening": 4428,
"net_closing": 6815,
"goodwill_opening": 51283,
"regrello": 704,
"informatica": 5257,
"other_acquisitions_adjustments": 697,
"goodwill_closing": 57941
},
"segment_identity": "One operating segment; Note1 p63 CODM assesses consolidated net income. Product offering revenue categories are not separately reported operating segments."
},
"caterpillar": {
"source_id": "BBC-C04",
"unit": "USD million",
"periods": [
"2025-12-31",
"2024-12-31"
],
"comparative_identity": "2024 figures as retrospectively adjusted in FY2025 filing after July 1, 2025 segment changes",
"ppe": {
"locator": "Note9 p89; Note1D pp64–65",
"land": [
616,
612
],
"buildings": [
7761,
7281
],
"machinery_equipment": [
13737,
12523
],
"capitalized_software": [
1696,
1609
],
"equipment_leased_to_others": [
6004,
5701
],
"construction_in_progress": [
2092,
1751
],
"gross": [
31906,
29477
],
"accumulated_depreciation_positive": [
16766,
16116
],
"net": [
15140,
13361
],
"consolidated_depreciation": [
2093,
1983
],
"cat_financial_leased_to_others_depreciation": [
699,
722
]
},
"operating_profit_bridge": {
"locator": "MD&A p33 Consolidated Operating Profit Comparison, original chart cat-20251231_g4.jpg; Definitions pp36–38",
"opening_2024": 13072,
"drivers": {
"sales_volume_including_product_mix": 1218,
"price_realization": -817,
"manufacturing_costs": -2148,
"sga_rd": -336,
"currency": -32,
"financial_products": 49,
"restructuring": -85,
"other": 230
},
"closing_2025": 11151,
"bridge_identity": "Company historical attribution, not structural marginal profit coefficients."
},
"revenue_bridge": {
"locator": "MD&A p31 Sales and Revenues Comparison",
"opening_2024": 64809,
"drivers": {
"sales_volume": 3389,
"price_realization": -817,
"currency": 45,
"financial_products": 163
},
"closing_2025": 67589
},
"segments_2025": {
"locator": "Note23 pp115–121; external-column Financial Products footnote is integral",
"rows": [
{
"name": "Construction Industries",
"external_column": 24800,
"intersegment_column": 260,
"total_sales": 25060,
"profit": 4675
},
{
"name": "Resource Industries",
"external_column": 12185,
"intersegment_column": 289,
"total_sales": 12474,
"profit": 1988
},
{
"name": "Power & Energy",
"external_column": 27143,
"intersegment_column": 5058,
"total_sales": 32201,
"profit": 6418
},
{
"name": "Financial Products",
"external_column": 4220,
"intersegment_column": 0,
"total_sales": 4220,
"profit": 966
}
],
"financial_products_external_column_includes_group_revenue": 712,
"reportable_sales_total": 73955,
"all_other_sales": 327,
"corporate_eliminations_sales": -6693,
"consolidated_sales": 67589,
"all_other_external_column": 46,
"all_other_intersegment_column": 281,
"corporate_external_column": -805,
"corporate_intersegment_column": -5888,
"reportable_profit_total": 14047,
"profit_reconciling_items": {
"all_other": -8,
"cost_centers": -11,
"corporate_costs": -1006,
"timing": -175,
"restructuring": -445,
"inventory_method": 49,
"postretirement_benefit": 185,
"sbc": -230,
"financing_costs": -180,
"currency": -81,
"goodwill_impairment": 0,
"other_income_expense_method": -470,
"other_method": -134
},
"consolidated_pretax_profit": 11541,
"interest_expense_excluding_financial_products": 502,
"other_income": 892,
"consolidated_operating_profit": 11151
}
},
"teaching_cvp": {
"source_id": "BFDE-CVP",
"identity": "OpenStax §3.5 fictional Company A/B example; not actual company observations",
"unit": "USD",
"assumptions": "Constant prices and unit variable costs, fixed product mix, unchanged fixed costs within the relevant range; reported income here is model operating income.",
"companies": [
{
"name": "A",
"sales": 250000,
"variable_costs": 102000,
"fixed_costs": 63000,
"income": 85000
},
{
"name": "B",
"sales": 315000,
"variable_costs": 105000,
"fixed_costs": 125000,
"income": 85000
}
],
"sales_changes": [
0.1,
-0.2
]
}
},
"supplemental": {
"costco_ppe_original_labels": [
[
"land",
"Land",
"土地",
"N/A"
],
[
"buildings_improvements",
"Buildings and improvements",
"建筑及改良",
"5–50 years"
],
[
"equipment_fixtures",
"Equipment and fixtures",
"设备及装置",
"3–20 years"
],
[
"construction_in_progress",
"Construction in progress",
"在建工程",
"N/A"
],
[
"gross",
null,
"原值合计（原表该行无行名）",
null
],
[
"accumulated_depreciation_amortization_positive",
"Accumulated depreciation and amortization",
"累计折旧摊销（减项）",
null
],
[
"net",
"Property and equipment, net",
"物业及设备净额",
null
]
],
"cat_ppe_original_labels": [
[
"land",
"Land",
"土地",
"—"
],
[
"buildings",
"Buildings and land improvements",
"建筑及土地改良",
"20–45 years"
],
[
"machinery_equipment",
"Machinery, equipment and other",
"机器、设备及其他",
"2–10 years"
],
[
"capitalized_software",
"Software",
"软件",
"3–7 years"
],
[
"equipment_leased_to_others",
"Equipment leased to others",
"出租给他人的设备",
"1–7 years"
],
[
"construction_in_progress",
"Construction-in-process",
"在建工程",
"—"
],
[
"gross",
"Total property, plant and equipment, at cost",
"物业厂房设备成本合计",
null
],
[
"accumulated_depreciation_positive",
"Less: Accumulated depreciation",
"减：累计折旧",
null
],
[
"net",
"Property, plant and equipment–net",
"物业厂房设备净额",
null
]
],
"costco_receivables_exact_scope": {
"source_id": "BF-S-COST-FY2025-PDF",
"locator": "IR PDF printed pp41–42; SEC pp43–44, Receivables, Net",
"original_categories": [
"vendor",
"credit card incentive",
"reinsurance",
"third-party pharmacy",
"other receivables"
],
"explanation_zh": "其他应收主要为对政府的应收，多与税款有关。信用卡奖励应收不是顾客刷卡货款；结算期不超过四天的顾客刷卡货款另依现金政策列示。"
},
"costco_lease_2024": {
"operating_rou_asset": 2617,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 1433,
"operating_liability_current": 179,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2375,
"finance_liability_current": 147,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 1351,
"total_assets": 4050,
"total_liabilities": 4052,
"operating_cost": 284,
"finance_asset_amortization": 97,
"finance_interest_expense": 58,
"variable_cost": 163,
"total_cost_reported": 602,
"cash_operating_leases": 274,
"cash_finance_interest": 58,
"cash_finance_principal": 136,
"remaining_term": [
19,
23
],
"discount_rate_percent": [
2.67,
4.59
]
},
"salesforce_lease_2025": {
"operating_rou_asset": 2157,
"operating_liability_current": 579,
"operating_liability_noncurrent": 2380,
"finance_lease_asset_gross": 1520,
"finance_accumulated_amortization_positive": 708,
"finance_lease_asset_net": 812,
"finance_liability_current": 337,
"finance_liability_noncurrent": 341,
"operating_cost": 684,
"finance_asset_amortization": 303,
"finance_interest_expense": 28,
"cash_operating_leases": 628,
"cash_finance_interest": 27,
"cash_finance_principal": 380,
"remaining_term": [
7,
3
]
},
"intangible_rows": [
{
"label_original": "Acquired developed technology",
"label_zh": "购入已开发技术",
"gross_open": 2958,
"gross_change_net": 1838,
"gross_close": 4796,
"accum_open": 1753,
"accum_change_net": 654,
"accum_close": 2407,
"net_open": 1205,
"net_close": 2389,
"remaining_years": 4.4
},
{
"label_original": "Customer relationships",
"label_zh": "客户关系",
"gross_open": 6894,
"gross_change_net": 1765,
"gross_close": 8659,
"accum_open": 3820,
"accum_change_net": 820,
"accum_close": 4640,
"net_open": 3074,
"net_close": 4019,
"remaining_years": 6.3
},
{
"label_original": "Other (1)",
"label_zh": "其他（商号、未开票订单、区域权利）",
"gross_open": 331,
"gross_change_net": 353,
"gross_close": 684,
"accum_open": 182,
"accum_change_net": 95,
"accum_close": 277,
"net_open": 149,
"net_close": 407,
"remaining_years": 2.1
}
],
"future_amortization": {
"buckets": [
"FY2027",
"FY2028",
"FY2029",
"FY2030",
"FY2031",
"Thereafter"
],
"amounts": [
1842,
1412,
1104,
710,
448,
1299
]
},
"cat_profit_rows_original": [
[
"all_other",
"Profit from All Other Segment",
"其他分部利润"
],
[
"cost_centers",
"Cost centers",
"成本中心"
],
[
"corporate_costs",
"Corporate costs",
"公司共同成本"
],
[
"timing",
"Timing",
"确认时点差异"
],
[
"restructuring",
"Restructuring costs",
"重组成本"
],
[
"inventory_method",
"Inventory/cost of sales",
"存货／销售成本计量"
],
[
"postretirement_benefit",
"Postretirement benefit income (expense)",
"退休后福利收益（费用）"
],
[
"sbc",
"Stock-based compensation expense",
"股权薪酬费用"
],
[
"financing_costs",
"Financing costs",
"融资成本"
],
[
"currency",
"Currency",
"汇率"
],
[
"goodwill_impairment",
"Goodwill impairment charge",
"商誉减值"
],
[
"other_income_expense_method",
"Other income/expense methodology differences",
"其他损益计量方法差异"
],
[
"other_method",
"Other methodology differences",
"其他方法差异"
]
],
"cat_segment_costs_2025": {
"cost_of_goods_sold": [
18393,
9018,
22474,
0
],
"sga_rd": [
1902,
1513,
3330,
829
],
"other_segment_items": [
90,
-45,
-21,
2425
]
},
"cat_segments_2024": {
"rows": [
[
"Construction Industries",
25344,
111,
25455,
6165
],
[
"Resource Industries",
12100,
371,
12471,
2538
],
[
"Power & Energy",
24088,
4766,
28854,
5736
],
[
"Financial Products Segment",
4053,
0,
4053,
932
]
],
"total_profit": 15371,
"reconciling": [
43,
-1,
-889,
133,
-359,
33,
67,
-223,
-126,
145,
0,
-740,
-81
],
"pretax": 13373,
"revenue": 64809,
"reportable_revenue": 70833,
"all_other_revenue": 344,
"corporate_revenue": -6368
},
"cat_segment_name_overrides": {
"Financial Products": "Financial Products Segment"
},
"origins": {
"costco_lease_2024": "BF-S-COST-FY2025-PDF Note5 printed pp50–51 / PDF pp56–57, reopened 2026-09-21",
"salesforce_lease_2025": "BBC-C01 Note6 pp75–77, same-session full reading",
"intangible_rows": "BBC-C01 Note8 pp80–81, same-session full reading",
"cat_segment_costs_2025": "BBC-C04 Note23 p120, same-session full reading",
"cat_segments_2024": "BBC-C04 Note23 pp118,120–121; comparatives as recast in FY2025 filing"
}
},
"teaching": {
"asset": {
"identity": "Author synthetic example, not company transactions",
"unit": "teaching currency units",
"cost": 100,
"residual": 0,
"life_months": 60,
"initial_cash": 150,
"payment": "2026-01",
"acquisition": "2026-02",
"ready": "2026-04",
"start": "2026-01",
"months": 12,
"convention": "Events at month start; same-day acquisition then ready then payment; depreciation at month end starting ready month, full months, no tax/interest/disposal, depreciation expensed in this example."
},
"intangible": {
"identity": "Author synthetic accumulation model, not EPW estimates or Salesforce valuation",
"unit": "teaching currency units",
"rd": [
100,
120,
80
],
"sga_excluding_rd": [
60,
60,
60
],
"alpha": 1,
"gamma": 0.3,
"delta_r": 0.2,
"delta_s": 0.2,
"initial_r": 0,
"initial_s": 0,
"order": "Opening stock depreciates first; eligible current investment added at each period end. R&D and SG&A inputs do not overlap."
},
"cvp_extension": {
"identity": "Author optional capacity-step variation; not OpenStax original inputs or CAT facts",
"sales_change": 0.1,
"step_enabled": false,
"threshold": 0.15,
"step_fixed_cost": 10000
},
"retail_cycle": {
"identity": "Author synthetic inventory/cash-timing example, not Costco days",
"unit": "teaching currency units and relative days",
"cost": 100,
"price": 150,
"acquire_day": 0,
"sale_day": 20,
"collect_day": 23,
"pay_day": 30,
"order": "Day start: acquire, sell, collect, pay. Same-day effects follow this explicit convention; cumulative net cash can be negative as a financing-gap measure, not an observed bank balance."
},
"subscription_cycle": {
"identity": "Author synthetic subscription funding example, not actual Salesforce contract",
"unit": "teaching currency units and relative 30-day months",
"amount": 120,
"invoice_day": 0,
"collection_day": 30,
"term_months": 12,
"monthly_cost": 6,
"month_days": 30,
"order": "Invoice and unconditional right at day0; each service month completed on day30*n; collection precedes same-day service cash cost. No refunds/tax, no costs before day30. Advances cover remaining service obligations."
}
},
"provenance": {
"lead_input_sha256": "5300ec0d05b830f8d6aa2ce72fd367beb3dc6bbfe044ff6cd28146e8beb7c68b",
"lead_input_lines": 209,
"transcription": "All supplied keys and amounts reproduced semantically; original byte hash identifies connector source, not this JSON serialization. Labels clarified in supplemental, raw observations unchanged.",
"reference_plan_sha256": "d6a351ea333643dc50af7704a7984a43fb623f24a058db74726b12c418a1494b"
}
}
},
"outputs": {
"default": {
"segments": {
"unit": "USD million",
"period": "FY2025",
"revenue": {
"opening": 73955,
"rows": [
{
"label": "All Other Segment",
"value": 327,
"before": 73955,
"after": 74282
},
{
"label": "Corporate Items and Eliminations",
"value": -6693,
"before": 74282,
"after": 67589
}
],
"computed": 67589,
"reported": 67589,
"residual": 0
},
"profit": {
"opening": 14047,
"rows": [
{
"label": "Profit from All Other Segment／其他分部利润",
"value": -8,
"before": 14047,
"after": 14039
},
{
"label": "Cost centers／成本中心",
"value": -11,
"before": 14039,
"after": 14028
},
{
"label": "Corporate costs／公司共同成本",
"value": -1006,
"before": 14028,
"after": 13022
},
{
"label": "Timing／确认时点差异",
"value": -175,
"before": 13022,
"after": 12847
},
{
"label": "Restructuring costs／重组成本",
"value": -445,
"before": 12847,
"after": 12402
},
{
"label": "Inventory/cost of sales／存货／销售成本计量",
"value": 49,
"before": 12402,
"after": 12451
},
{
"label": "Postretirement benefit income (expense)／退休后福利收益（费用）",
"value": 185,
"before": 12451,
"after": 12636
},
{
"label": "Stock-based compensation expense／股权薪酬费用",
"value": -230,
"before": 12636,
"after": 12406
},
{
"label": "Financing costs／融资成本",
"value": -180,
"before": 12406,
"after": 12226
},
{
"label": "Currency／汇率",
"value": -81,
"before": 12226,
"after": 12145
},
{
"label": "Goodwill impairment charge／商誉减值",
"value": 0,
"before": 12145,
"after": 12145
},
{
"label": "Other income/expense methodology differences／其他损益计量方法差异",
"value": -470,
"before": 12145,
"after": 11675
},
{
"label": "Other methodology differences／其他方法差异",
"value": -134,
"before": 11675,
"after": 11541
}
],
"computed": 11541,
"reported": 11541,
"residual": 0
},
"external": 67589,
"intersegment": 0,
"fp_external_includes_group": 712,
"operating_to_pretax": {
"opening": 11151,
"rows": [
{
"label": "Interest expense excluding Financial Products",
"value": -502,
"before": 11151,
"after": 10649
},
{
"label": "Other income",
"value": 892,
"before": 10649,
"after": 11541
}
],
"computed": 11541,
"reported": 11541,
"residual": 0
},
"rows": [
{
"name": "Construction Industries",
"external_column": 24800,
"intersegment_column": 260,
"total_sales": 25060,
"profit": 4675
},
{
"name": "Resource Industries",
"external_column": 12185,
"intersegment_column": 289,
"total_sales": 12474,
"profit": 1988
},
{
"name": "Power & Energy",
"external_column": 27143,
"intersegment_column": 5058,
"total_sales": 32201,
"profit": 6418
},
{
"name": "Financial Products",
"external_column": 4220,
"intersegment_column": 0,
"total_sales": 4220,
"profit": 966
}
]
}
},
"all_defaults_file": "https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/notebook/labs/bf-de/default-results.json"
},
"algorithm": "CAT报告分部总额加All Other及完整调整项，收入回67,589，分部利润回税前11,541。经营利润11,151经-502+892另回税前。软件视图保留多产品/单分部。",
"boundaries": "保留FP external列712脚注，内部列归零；软件多产品不等同报告多分部。",
"local_url": "/notebook/labs/bf-de/interactions.html#EXP-BF18-SEGMENT-RECONCILIATION",
"static_equivalent": {
"html": "https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/notebook/labs/bf-de/static.html#EXP-BF18-SEGMENT-RECONCILIATION",
"markdown": "https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/notebook/labs/bf-de/static-equivalents.md"
}
}
]
```
## Sources
- [Salesforce, Inc. FY2026 Form 10-K](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1108524/000110852426000060/crm-20260131.htm): 订阅收入确认、合同余额、完整现金流、权益与EPS、收入CAM及所得税附注。金额、现金和股数口径保留，不虚构差额调节。
BF-F/G 本批采用：完整收付账、净现金和债务账面/本金、PPA对价及三种回购/股数口径；FX单列。
- [Caterpillar Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823026000008/cat-20251231.htm): 制造库存四阶段、部分LIFO与FIFO可比调整，以及NCI利润/权益归属；公司同时包含Financial Products。
## Content relations
```json
[
{
"from": "zh-bf18",
"relation": "part_of",
"to": "business-reports",
"reason": "主要 topic 归属"
},
{
"from": "zh-bf18",
"relation": "supported_by",
"to": "BBC-C04",
"reason": "指定原文支持本篇采用范围；不扩展为整份原件已读",
"locator": [
"Note1D pp64–65; Note9 p89",
"MD&A pp31–35; Definitions pp36–38",
"Note23 A/B/C pp115–118; profit p120; pretax reconciliation p121"
],
"scope": "制造与出租资产用途、公司历史驱动定义、报告分部到收入/税前利润的完整桥。不得把volume包含的组合效果当结构性贡献率。"
},
{
"from": "zh-bf18",
"relation": "supported_by",
"to": "BBC-C01",
"reason": "指定原文支持本篇采用范围；不扩展为整份原件已读",
"locator": [
"MD&A Seasonal Nature pp39–40; Research and Development / Sales and Marketing",
"Statements p57–58 and notes1–2",
"Note1 consolidation/Segments p63; PPE/Leases/intangibles/business combinations pp67–68",
"Note2 Unearned Revenue p71 and footnotes",
"Note5 p75; Note6 pp75–77",
"Note7 pp77–80 (main Informatica pp77–79)",
"Note8 pp80–81"
],
"scope": "研发含SBC、初步Informatica PPA、无形资产与商誉、租赁、单经营分部、开票收款季节性。1,569累计摊销净变化与1,687费用分别列示。"
},
{
"from": "zh-bf18",
"relation": "illustrated_by",
"to": "CASE-BFDE-CAT-BF18-20260921",
"reason": "固定期间的教学案例，不指向动态最新研究"
},
{
"from": "zh-bf18",
"relation": "illustrated_by",
"to": "CASE-BFDE-CRM-BF18-20260921",
"reason": "固定期间的教学案例，不指向动态最新研究"
},
{
"from": "zh-bf18",
"relation": "uses_method",
"to": "zh-bf14",
"reason": "局部调用资源/计量/边界关系，可在本文补齐；不是整篇硬先修"
},
{
"from": "bf18-experiment",
"relation": "illustrated_by",
"to": "EXP-BF18-SEGMENT-RECONCILIATION",
"reason": "CAT报告分部总额加All Other及完整调整项，收入回67,589，分部利润回税前11,541。经营利润11,151经-502+892另回税前。软件视图保留多产品/单分部。",
"at_section": "bf18-experiment",
"conditions": "保留FP external列712脚注，内部列归零；软件多产品不等同报告多分部。"
}
]
```
## Related entries
## Optional reading path
拆一份企业财报: step 8/14
选工业或软件分支，核分部与共同资源的实际边界。
口径和终点明确之后，解释量价成本怎样形成利润变化。
Next: [单位经济、成本结构与经营杠杆](https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/unit-economics-cost-structure-and-operating-leverage/)