https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/Recent content in 投资与金融笔记 on 刘欧 · 笔记Hugo -- 0.152.2zh-CNhttps://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/goog/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/goog/两件同样花20买来的硬件，一件留下提供服务，一件卖给客户。跟着用途走完报表，再分清共享基础设施、业务分部与股票类别。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/amzn/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/amzn/同样成交100，自营收入100、平台收入10，为什么还不能直接比较利润？算完两张虚构订单，再把设备与客户的不同时间线带回 Amazon。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/amzn-research-20260920/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/amzn-research-20260920/冻结2026年9月20日的业务、资本、条件定价与概率判断；保留2026年9月18日参考价及2029年末条件结果。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-brownian-variation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-brownian-variation/证明确定性网格 QV 的 L2 收敛和 dyadic 几乎处处收敛，再排除有限总变差。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/expeditors/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/expeditors/业务与已收录材料的公司入口。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/expeditors-material-20260921/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/expeditors-material-20260921/映射功能货币、外币交易、报表折算和结算管理；不形成证券估值。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-greeks-local-risk/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-greeks-local-risk/把delta、gamma、vega、theta写成带单位的局部导数，用50点和500点完整重定价量化误差。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-formula-gbm/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-formula-gbm/按准确 C1,2 条件验证 GBM，证明线性专例唯一性，区分均值与对数漂移。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-integral/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-integral/从左端点持仓和式证明简单等距与鞅，并计算积分 W dW。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-integral-proof/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-integral-proof/完成渐进 H2 密度、Doob4、连续版本、停止规则与局部积分。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-markov-state/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-markov-state/从矩阵和隐藏状态反例判断当前状态是否足够，并重建后验状态。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/hedge-objective-and-tool-choice/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/hedge-objective-and-tool-choice/先定义终点下限、保留上行与付款时间，再判断候选对冲是否满足同一任务。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/covered-call-wealth-and-assignment/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/covered-call-wealth-and-assignment/从已有股票出发，重建权利金、负债、封顶收益和股息指派后的完整账户。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/cash-secured-put-funding-and-acquisition/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/cash-secured-put-funding-and-acquisition/区分接股总款与有效成本，比较同K平价、限价成交和指派时点。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/protective-put-floor-and-renewal/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/protective-put-floor-and-renewal/逐腿推导指定期限净财富下限，并用三次续保说明参照点重设的累计后果。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/collar-floor-cap-and-assignment/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/collar-floor-cap-and-assignment/由股票、put与call推导下限和上限，解释净credit的机会成本以及异期限领口。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/vertical-spreads-cash-and-lifecycle/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/vertical-spreads-cash-and-lifecycle/重建借方/贷方同到期支付、状态相关theta和行权后股票资金压力。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/straddle-strangle-expiry-and-interim-volatility/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/straddle-strangle-expiry-and-interim-volatility/把到期幅度、期间两侧IV与时间分开，计入真实身份的合成退出报价和费用。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/calendar-spread-two-expiries-and-inventory/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/calendar-spread-two-expiries-and-inventory/在近月到期盘点远腿、现金与股票，区分平仓、续持和两期限波动率变化。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/svb-financial-group-historical/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/svb-financial-group-historical/业务与已收录材料的公司入口。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/svb-financial-group-historical-material-20260921/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/svb-financial-group-historical-material-20260921/观察报告所述内部压力测试与融资操作准备；不把历史复盘当现行法条。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/hedging-margin-and-deadline-liquidity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/hedging-margin-and-deadline-liquidity/用一条玉米采购账完整重放VM、可用资金、承诺融资与资金不足后的平仓。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/quotes-orders-liquidity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/quotes-orders-liquidity/用给定报价深度重建成交、现金与成本，并正确保留未成交或数据不足的部分。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/mark-price-collateral-liquidation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/mark-price-collateral-liquidation/先选择保证金模式和触发价格，再读逐仓阈值、分档需求、抵押折扣及保险基金和ADL。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/performance-attribution-and-fee-recognition/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/performance-attribution-and-fee-recognition/同一现金路径计算金额、TWR与MWR，分清费用确认和付款，再连接模型归因。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/volatility-surface-option-information/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/volatility-surface-option-information/从合成IV网格到VIX总方差插值，再带读2025年风险溢价研究，分开模型表达、回报分母和风险调整。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/reporting-periods-units/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/reporting-periods-units/为真实财务数字保留口径，在不丢失原值的前提下做期间和单位比较，并指出仍不可比较的部分。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/notes-estimates-and-audit/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/notes-estimates-and-audit/沿真实收入事项从主表追到政策、合同证据和审计程序，判断材料支持什么结论。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-report-map/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-report-map/在一份真实年报中找到报表、附注、管理层解释和审计意见，并为一个数字补齐可核对的出处。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-statements-path/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-statements-path/https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/input-output-and-production-linkages/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/input-output-and-production-linkages/由BEA三产品使用表重建直接与完全需要，分开三种精度对象，再把网络要求接到库存、替代和可用产能。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/costs-constraints-robust-decisions/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/costs-constraints-robust-decisions/由精确费用预算推导不交易带，再用整股佣金枚举检验连续近似的边界。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/holding-period-returns/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/holding-period-returns/从估值与现金记录重建持有期回报、TWR和MWR，选择与问题匹配的口径。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/operating-value-to-common-equity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/operating-value-to-common-equity/用同日期资本与权利完成普通股桥，区分已计项目、现金保留和期末股份。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/calibrated-business-scenarios/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/calibrated-business-scenarios/以已实现事实校准同一经营关系，重建资本批次、利润与资金，再比较原状态和具名替代。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/inventory-cogs-and-write-downs/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/inventory-cogs-and-write-downs/把制造阶段、成本流假设和减记分开，解释成本留存、售出与损失的去向。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/convergence-monte-carlo/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/convergence-monte-carlo/完整证明有限方差Chebyshev弱律，沿冻结PCG64前缀核算支付均值、标准误与区间覆盖，分开模拟误差和模型差。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/tokenized-assets-programmable-settlement/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/tokenized-assets-programmable-settlement/沿真实基金登记和转让，再比较PvP的验证、锁资、完成或取消，分开技术记录与法律最终性。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/unit-economics-cost-structure-and-operating-leverage/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/unit-economics-cost-structure-and-operating-leverage/用CAT历史桥解释变化，再用独立教材模型推导经营杠杆的精确有限变化；产能台阶显式改变条件。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/futures-expiry-delivery-roll/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/futures-expiry-delivery-roll/以当前CL相对规则读交割事件，再按历史参考价格拆旧仓、新仓和换月当日现金。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-payoff-profit-return/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-payoff-profit-return/用OCC同初始财富例重建支付、损益与回报，避免把权利金收益率当作全部财富收益率。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/dynamic-hedging-discrete-trading-and-borrowing/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/dynamic-hedging-discrete-trading-and-borrowing/沿同一组动态对冲输入，用完整事件账比较离散误差、交易费用与借款峰值。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-path/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-path/https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/issuance-trading-participants/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/issuance-trading-participants/追踪发行与转让中的现金和权利，区分交易对手、服务机构和持有记录。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/segments-consolidation-and-shared-resources/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/segments-consolidation-and-shared-resources/CAT收入与税前利润两条完整合并桥，配Salesforce单分部业务地图；把共同资源与报告边界一起保留。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/risk-loss-scenarios/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/risk-loss-scenarios/说明终点损失、路径回撤、尾部严重程度和支付缺口分别测量什么，并补出遗漏的压力检查。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/exposures-correlation-diversification/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/exposures-correlation-diversification/从证券权重识别共同敞口，推导组合方差和描述性beta，并区分披露、统计估计与压力假设。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/risk-premia-backtests-and-out-of-sample-evidence/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/risk-premia-backtests-and-out-of-sample-evidence/完整辨认一篇期权研究的策略、分母、样本、滞后和断点，不把事后证据称为样本外。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/replication-state-prices-risk-neutral-probability/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/replication-state-prices-risk-neutral-probability/先解现金与股票复制，再构造状态价格、Q和定价核；以共享三状态实例说明开放区间与端点套利。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/companies/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/companies/https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/supply-cost-capacity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/supply-cost-capacity/本篇把“资源—生产—交付”连成一个过程。我们先说明成本和约束怎样进入供给选择，再分别带读电力与工程机械资料。学习目标不是找一个万能产能指标，而是能够说明：当前承重的限制在哪里，解除它会改变哪一环，以及还需多长时间。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/estimation-prediction-uncertainty/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/estimation-prediction-uncertainty/锁定均值估计目标，对照iid与非循环MBB的条件分布，推导边缘加权中心，再以稳态AR(1)真SE辨认推断边界。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/business-states-valuation-groups/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/business-states-valuation-groups/分清收费业务、地域、资源与报告分部，按利润、资本和权利的可识别性形成估值组。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/stock-shareholder-rights/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/stock-shareholder-rights/读Alphabet与Apple的股份条款，再用真实股数桥和有现金约束的教学公司区分回购、增发与分配。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/beta-futures-hedge-and-integer-exposure/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/beta-futures-hedge-and-integer-exposure/从基准共同风险推出期货方向与整数张数，把残差与结算现金保留在结论里。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/treasury-futures-dv01-and-curve-mismatch/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/treasury-futures-dv01-and-curve-mismatch/重建2020年发行教学例，区分本金、转换因子和敏感度，并检查曲线扭曲与CTD变化。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/interest-rate-swaps/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/interest-rate-swaps/从AECOM真实互换披露建立两腿教学账，解释精确抵销、错配、价值与抵押的边界。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/exchange-rates-cross-border-business/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/exchange-rates-cross-border-business/沿功能货币、发票、结算和报表折算追踪外汇暴露，而不是只判断美元涨跌。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/money-repo-fx-tools/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/money-repo-fx-tools/从短票、repo和汇率原件重建单位、抵押、资金与双币种账本。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/monetary-credit-transmission/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/monetary-credit-transmission/把政策基准、信用利差、资产与债务重定价和客户需求放到同一条日历时间轴。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/integration-expectation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/integration-expectation/核对非负与有符号期望、可积性及极限交换条件，用封顶重尾和尖峰反例划清边界。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/basis-carry-term-structure/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/basis-carry-term-structure/以S−F为基差约定，按每笔现金的日期建立持有成本与期货资金时点账本。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/basis-funding-carry-and-segregated-cash/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/basis-funding-carry-and-segregated-cash/分别走完美元MBT和USDT永续账，辨认终点carry与中途资金需求。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/funds-etfs-indexes/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/funds-etfs-indexes/从VTI的份额类别与更名文件出发，计算同类别NAV，重建双向申赎的报价、现金和深度约束，并区分费用与分配。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-counting-poisson/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-counting-poisson/从全部微秒时间记录复算计数和等待，建立有信息条件的 Poisson 基准。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/technology-adoption-value-capture/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/technology-adoption-value-capture/沿技术能力、部署、采用、任务效果和价值取得，检验每一层的证据与聚合权重。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-data-versions/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-data-versions/本篇的任务是整理出一张能够重建历史输入的数据表。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-claims/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financial-claims/从真实材料写出权利卡，区分契约约定、交易价格与实际所得。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/entry-exit-capital-formation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/entry-exit-capital-formation/倒推进入的弱均衡集合，区分零利润多解、进入上限、项目建设与退出选择。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/economic-activities/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/economic-activities/这页用来确认三个常被混用的层次：谁参与经济活动、从事什么生产、以什么实体记录。居民、企业、政府和境外是分析交易角色的一种概括；行业按生产活动归类；一家公司则可能包含多个业务和统计单位。部门划分还可以进一步细化，不能拿这里的简述替代某套账户的完整部门分类。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-data-definitions/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-data-definitions/一个数列至少要说明**测量对象、期间、单位、覆盖和版本**。这不是给分析添加手续，而是在确定两个数字是否回答同一个问题。统计口径确认集中在本页；哪些指标值得选、怎样权衡证据，留给EI-15。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/competition-differentiation-profit/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/competition-differentiation-profit/从客户替代选择推到价格、数量与利润，并用会员零售披露区分机制与结果。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/call-payoff/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/call-payoff/一份执行价100、权利金8的期权，到期时可能值5，但整笔交易仍亏3。把五种结果算完，再看看一张到期图还没有告诉我们什么。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/measurable-information/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/measurable-information/从有限分组列出事件域，检验函数可测性，并区分几乎处处相等与合法版本。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/inventory-capacity-dynamics/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/inventory-capacity-dynamics/重建订单存量流量与库存调整，区分经营交期和资本建设期，并按需比较CAT独立经销渠道。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-dynamic-hedging-error/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-dynamic-hedging-error/沿唯一冻结账本复算手路径与十二设计，区分频率误差、费用和真实合约规则。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/markets-path/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/markets-path/https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/models-path/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/models-path/https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/income-statement-layers/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/income-statement-layers/沿零售和银行各自的经营关系读完整利润表，重建利润层次并解释两期变化。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/liquidity-provision-inventory-and-lvr/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/liquidity-provision-inventory-and-lvr/重建LP、持币和自融资基准，分离结构LVR、费用层与集中区间状态。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/futures-variation-margin/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/futures-variation-margin/用同终点的两条价格路径重建VM、担保余额、外部现金和追缴缺口。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/put-call-parity-synthetic-positions/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/put-call-parity-synthetic-positions/逐状态保留行权价现金腿，推导平价；用真实交易方向的合成bid/ask检查中价偏离。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-contract-rights/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-contract-rights/从真实股票、ETF与SPXW规格辨认选择权、写出义务和交易单位；解释权利金的价格约束，并分开行权货款。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-price-intrinsic-implied-volatility/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-price-intrinsic-implied-volatility/解释价格因素与欧式put的迟收货款反例；在明确BSM假设下将报价区间反解为IV区间。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/integrated-company-financial-analysis/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/integrated-company-financial-analysis/以完整零售/银行原表产出可复核一页分析：业务、资源、利润、现金、普通股、竞争解释及下一条证据；附Walmart和SVB迁移。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/business-activities/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/business-activities/从真实业务说明重建收费、交付、投入、资源与义务的关系，并说明披露能支持什么粒度的分析。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/clearing-settlement-collateral/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/clearing-settlement-collateral/区分成交、清算义务与最终交收，并识别担保安排带来的资金约束。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/probability-events/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/probability-events/我们先固定观察期限，再说明期末可能发生哪些结果。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/scenario-probabilities-evidence-updates/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/scenario-probabilities-evidence-updates/先定义互斥穷尽的公司状态，再记录粗权重的证据、可行替代和更新；评分不生成概率。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/global-production-networks-and-trade/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/global-production-networks-and-trade/重建历史进口金额与份额，区分产品构成、直接来源、上游采购及所有权，并读懂产品回归与间接联系的证据。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/equity-shares-and-shareholder-claims/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/equity-shares-and-shareholder-claims/同时维护权益金额、期末股数与期间EPS分母三条桥，区分SBC、回购和普通股归属。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/accrual-and-statement-links/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/accrual-and-statement-links/将确认期间和收付款日期放在同一时间线上，解释合同余额、费用、投资和分配如何连接三张表。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/dated-cash-outcome-risk-reward/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/dated-cash-outcome-risk-reward/用日期现金与同状态普通股结果合并粗权重，区分两种年化、代表点亏损及资金限制。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financing-collateral-cash-liquidity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/financing-collateral-cash-liquidity/重建融资账户、两种补救方式和截止前可用资源，解释800现金与2000出售为什么不同。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/commodity-hedges-from-procurement-and-sales/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/commodity-hedges-from-procurement-and-sales/由经营现金推出多空，合并当地现货和期货，辨认基差、数量与时间失配。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/time-series-validation-leakage/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/time-series-validation-leakage/按一个预测原点重建训练、预处理与标签成熟，解释未来缩放不必改善成绩。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/market-efficiency-information-prices/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/market-efficiency-information-prices/按size加权合约量重建公告前流量代理，核对信息窗口、回报基准与分组标准化，避免把关联当收益。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/revenue-receivables-contract-balances/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/revenue-receivables-contract-balances/依据履约和收款权利条件区分应收、合同资产、合同负债及RPO，迁移到四份明确条款。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/return-distributions-tail-risk/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/return-distributions-tail-risk/从损失的广义逆分位数与尾部概率质量出发，复算202607重建历史中BusEq的月度VaR/ES，并区分经验统计量与未来风险。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/random-variables-distributions/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/random-variables-distributions/同一次市场结算，可以对应结算指数、合约支付和持有损益几个不同数值。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/income-tax-provision-cash-and-deferred/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/income-tax-provision-cash-and-deferred/区分税费、已付税款、应交税与递延余额，用两期例子和区间检验理解差异。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-probability/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-probability/从同一联合表选对条件分母，重建 Bayes 更新，并分清独立、不相关与因果。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-expectation-projection/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-expectation-projection/由局部积分定义证明唯一性和塔式性质，再通过截断补齐 L2 投影与均方误差分解。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-expectation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-expectation/用有限分区计算条件平均，验证每个可辨认事件上的积分身份和全期望公式。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-expectation-existence/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-expectation-existence/在较小事件域上构造有限绝对连续测度，以两项 RN 密度建立一般 L1 条件期望。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/investment-objectives-funding/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/investment-objectives-funding/从资金用途和支付日出发，形成一份有可行性检查、合理替代和更新条件的投资任务。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/stablecoin-reserves-redemption/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/stablecoin-reserves-redemption/从USDC非EEA条款区分储备、Type A/B条件权利和实际可达路线，再比较教学净到账。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/intangible-resources-rd-and-goodwill/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/intangible-resources-rd-and-goodwill/沿研发、初步购买价分摊和集团无形资产滚动识别资源及会计来源；进阶再构建条件明确的资本存量。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/orders-execution-implementation-shortfall/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/orders-execution-implementation-shortfall/从整个300股目标、成交、现金和未完成部分推导实施差额，而不只比较成交均价。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-modern-methods-research/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-modern-methods-research/分别重建 KMZ 实证设计或 HTZ 架构比较，进行指标/对象/证据边界审计。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/research-capacity-constraints-inflation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/research-capacity-constraints-inflation/从互补松弛走到同冲击反事实与非线性交互，分清论文重建和教学模拟。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/research-corporate-cash-rate-transmission/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/research-corporate-cash-rate-transmission/逐步读现金交互回归、单位、样本和高低现金分组，再做有条件的企业映射。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/cash-flow-statement/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/cash-flow-statement/从完整原表连起期初与期末现金，并用软件、零售和银行区分现金流分类与经营解释。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/linear-inverse-contract-currencies/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/linear-inverse-contract-currencies/同时列出报价、数量、结算、抵押与报告币，分开合约损益与钱包资产的价格变化。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/information-executable-strategies/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/information-executable-strategies/本篇先给这些事件一个准确的数学表达，再把它落实为可逐行核对的资金账。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-exercise-assignment-settlement/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/option-exercise-assignment-settlement/按平仓、实物行权、指数现金结算和空头抵押四条路径列账，区分现金、负债、权益和新投入。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-boundaries/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-boundaries/这一篇先把这三层分开，再学习怎样计算有明确分母的份额。完成后，你应当能为一个行业问题写出可复核的边界说明，而不是只给它贴上“能源”“制造”或“科技”的标签。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-analysis-integrated-reading/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-analysis-integrated-reading/把真实售电、发电构成、市场组织和资本计划连成有条件的行业分析。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-metrics-evidence-selection/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/industry-metrics-evidence-selection/从经营机制选择最少但足够的指标，在电力、制造、零售、银行中完成一支带读。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/demand-price-elasticity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/demand-price-elasticity/这一篇先从客户的用途与选择出发，定义需求和弹性，再用美国居民售电资料说明为什么两年的量价变化不能直接估出需求曲线。最后把同一框架放到工程机械采购中，看使用需求与新购需求为什么可能走出不同幅度。默认读共同部分与电力案例；工程机械和计量推导可作为有针对性的迁移阅读。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/selection-multiple-testing/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/selection-multiple-testing/保留全部尝试，证明 Bonferroni，区分 FWER/FDR 并按严格规则执行 BH。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/reading-path/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/reading-path/五个领域各自提供连续阅读，按当前学习目标选择。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-martingales-stopping/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-martingales-stopping/用完整条件有界停止证明区分可实施停时、事后规则与无限停止的尾部问题。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/business-relations-calibrated-states/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/business-relations-calibrated-states/本站原创方法摘编，规定业务边界、校准与共同资本责任；公开原件各自支持实例，不是完整方法的外部背书。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-pricing-common-equity-risk-reward/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/conditional-pricing-common-equity-risk-reward/规定估值组、盈利/参照、普通股桥、状态权重和日期现金的输入输出与边界。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/derivative-review-with-one-cash-ledger/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/derivative-review-with-one-cash-ledger/按当时信息区分对冲方向、执行与资金计划，公平比较同一采购账的替代路径。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-formula-proof/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-ito-formula-proof/完整传递 Taylor、加权 QV、一般 L1/L2 系数和空间截断到一维 Itô 公式。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/earnings-quality-adjustments-and-comparability/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/earnings-quality-adjustments-and-comparability/完整复算Salesforce官方GAAP/non-GAAP调节，辨清税额、SBC范围和分母；自选区只改变经营利润与利润率。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/state-earnings-conditional-pricing/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/state-earnings-conditional-pricing/重建TTM和经营价值边界，匹配索取权、盈利期间与定价日，再讨论资本状态差异。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/working-capital-and-cash-cycle/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/working-capital-and-cash-cycle/按业务选择平均余额和流量，取得零售周转代理或订阅资金时钟；让收付款改变资金缺口而不改造历史事实。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/perpetual-futures-funding-anchor/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/perpetual-futures-funding-anchor/从一周期现金解释永续价格锚定，再读资金费的两层限幅、事件资格和改频，分清模型与场所规则。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-finite-market-ftap-proof/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-finite-market-ftap-proof/从现金补足、有限维最近点和指标持仓建立NA与EMM的双向证明。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-completeness-unique-measure-proof/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-completeness-unique-measure-proof/用可复制空间与严格正扰动证明完备性定理，并构造全部数字支付和任意支付的复制。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-state-prices-martingale-measures/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/qt-state-prices-martingale-measures/在同一冻结二/三状态市场中求复制、定价权重和开放无套利区间。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/prediction-regularization-complexity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/prediction-regularization-complexity/从损失函数推导 ridge，重建相同信息下的完整基线比较，分清两类单位变换。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/expected-returns-capm-and-factor-projections/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/expected-returns-capm-and-factor-projections/由共同风险进入均衡条件，再用同版本120个月数据区分样本投影、归因与预测。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/forward-futures-contracts/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/forward-futures-contracts/从CL真实条款分开未来义务、数量、报价、损益与现金，解释标准化及负价格。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/rebalancing-exit-judgment-maintenance/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/rebalancing-exit-judgment-maintenance/把触发与目的地、费用后的交易量、外部新资本和判断更新分别放回同一维护过程。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/reinvestment-financing-and-capital-allocation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/reinvestment-financing-and-capital-allocation/完整恢复真实资金来源29028与用途30701，把FX单列；从同一初始账本比较留存、偿债、设施投入和回购。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/bond-contract-cashflows-price/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/bond-contract-cashflows-price/沿同一国债发行与重开，读清合同日程、净全价、YTM和持有结果。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/bond-rate-credit-term-risk/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/bond-rate-credit-term-risk/从固定现金流的局部敏感度与曲线扭曲，区分信用、流动性和赎回通道。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/debt-solvency-and-liquidity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/debt-solvency-and-liquidity/把长期偿付、到期付款与可动用流动性分开；以Costco和JPM原件完成两种资金分析，再检验收付款日期的缺口。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/institutions-regulation-market-design/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/institutions-regulation-market-design/从适用机构、现金流来源资格和压力期限理解规则怎样改变行为选择。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/capital-expenditure-cip-and-depreciation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/capital-expenditure-cip-and-depreciation/从取得、付款与可用三个日期重建设备状态，再用Costco完整PP&E表核存量桥；Caterpillar出租设备作为可选对照。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/balance-sheet/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/balance-sheet/在完整资产负债表中定位资源、义务与权益，沿所选行业查附注并解释余额变化。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/amm-concentrated-liquidity/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/amm-concentrated-liquidity/从集中区间库存推导一次带费用的有限交换、成交均价与限价余量；费用增长和池内L单独核算。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/leases-right-of-use-and-payment-obligations/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/leases-right-of-use-and-payment-obligations/按所选公司恢复使用权、负债、未来付款、费用与特定范围现金；两类租赁完整表和同公司比较期练习。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/portfolio-joint-implementation-budget/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/portfolio-joint-implementation-budget/逐项检验整数数量的情景损失、账户余额、到账截止和成交深度，允许可行集合为空。https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/investment-path/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://ou-liu-red-sugar.github.io/zh/notebook/investment-path/